Demographic and life-history patterns in a population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar: A 15-year perspective / Lisa Gould  

Public ISBD Titre : Demographic and life-history patterns in a population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar: A 15-year perspective Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lisa Gould, Auteur ; R.W. Sussman, Auteur ; Michelle L. Sauther, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : POPULATION CHANGE  FECUNTIDY  INFANT MORTALITY  LIFE-SPAN  ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES Résumé : Over 15 field seasons (1987–2001), we collected census and life-history data on a population of individually identified ring-tailed lemurs at the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. No significant difference was found in population size over the study period, though a marked decline in the population occurred following a 2-year drought. The population rebounded rapidly after the immediate postdrought period. There was nearly a complete replacement of individuals over the study period. Average group size is 11.5 animals, and adult male to female sex ratio is 0.92. Most females reproduce annually, and the average fecundity rate is 84.3%. The greatest variability in fecundity is found among old females. We suggest that ring-tailed lemur females follow an “income breeding” strategy, i.e., females use maximum resources during reproduction rather than relying on fat stores, as do “capital breeders.” Infant mortality to 1 year of age in a nondrought year is 52%, higher than infant mortality in small to medium-sized anthropoids. The oldest known female was 18 years old in 2001. We suggest that 18–20 years may represent the maximum life-span for wild ring-tailed lemurs. Because males regularly emigrate from the population, we have no data regarding male life-span; however, there is some indication that males do not survive as long as females. Group fission has occurred three times: twice from one parent group living in the driest area of the reserve, with the most dispersed food resources. We suggest that the reproductive strategy that has evolved in this species, wherein females reproduce early in life and annually until old age, is a response to the unusual climate and environmental conditions under which Lemur catta has evolved. Titre du périodique : American Journal of Physical Anthropology Volume : 120: 182-194 En ligne : DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10151 Demographic and life-history patterns in a population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar: A 15-year perspective [texte imprimé] / Lisa Gould, Auteur ; R.W. Sussman, Auteur ; Michelle L. Sauther, Auteur . - 2003. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : POPULATION CHANGE  FECUNTIDY  INFANT MORTALITY  LIFE-SPAN  ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES Résumé : Over 15 field seasons (1987–2001), we collected census and life-history data on a population of individually identified ring-tailed lemurs at the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. No significant difference was found in population size over the study period, though a marked decline in the population occurred following a 2-year drought. The population rebounded rapidly after the immediate postdrought period. There was nearly a complete replacement of individuals over the study period. Average group size is 11.5 animals, and adult male to female sex ratio is 0.92. Most females reproduce annually, and the average fecundity rate is 84.3%. The greatest variability in fecundity is found among old females. We suggest that ring-tailed lemur females follow an “income breeding” strategy, i.e., females use maximum resources during reproduction rather than relying on fat stores, as do “capital breeders.” Infant mortality to 1 year of age in a nondrought year is 52%, higher than infant mortality in small to medium-sized anthropoids. The oldest known female was 18 years old in 2001. We suggest that 18–20 years may represent the maximum life-span for wild ring-tailed lemurs. Because males regularly emigrate from the population, we have no data regarding male life-span; however, there is some indication that males do not survive as long as females. Group fission has occurred three times: twice from one parent group living in the driest area of the reserve, with the most dispersed food resources. We suggest that the reproductive strategy that has evolved in this species, wherein females reproduce early in life and annually until old age, is a response to the unusual climate and environmental conditions under which Lemur catta has evolved. Titre du périodique : American Journal of Physical Anthropology Volume : 120: 182-194 En ligne : DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10151

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Infant Killing, Wounding and Predation in Eulemur and Lemur / Alison Jolly  

Public ISBD Titre : Infant Killing, Wounding and Predation in Eulemur and Lemur Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alison Jolly ; S. Caless ; Lisa Gould ; Michael E. Pereira ; A Pitts ; R.E. Pride ; H.D. Rabenandrasana ; J.D. Walker ; T. Zafison, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Menaces et Pressions Mots-clés : INFANTICIDE  SEASONAL BREEDING  FEMALE AGGRESSION  IMMIGRANT MALES Résumé : Infant killing by primates is highly controversial. Sexual selection of infanticidal males has been disputed, especially for seasonally breeding species, in which death of an infant does not advance conception of the next infant. We report attacks, infants found wounded, and predation in seasonally breeding Eulemur and Lemur at Berenty, Beza Mahafaly and Duke University Primate Center, and review cases seen elsewhere. Observed attacks leading to wounds or death conservatively total twelve by extratroop males, two by troop males, and seven by troop females. Eulemur are occasional vertebrate predators, whose prey includes infant Lemur catta. Wounds inflicted by lemurs are usually abdominal canine slashes or bites to the head, with rare eating, a pattern distinct from carnivore and raptor kills. Infant killing as inferred from corpses is more frequent than previously thought, but still rare. Adaptive advantages of killing plausibly include eliminating resource competitors of females, and sexual selection on males. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 21: 21-40 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005467411880 Infant Killing, Wounding and Predation in Eulemur and Lemur [texte imprimé] / Alison Jolly ; S. Caless ; Lisa Gould ; Michael E. Pereira ; A Pitts ; R.E. Pride ; H.D. Rabenandrasana ; J.D. Walker ; T. Zafison, Auteur . - 2000. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Menaces et Pressions Mots-clés : INFANTICIDE  SEASONAL BREEDING  FEMALE AGGRESSION  IMMIGRANT MALES Résumé : Infant killing by primates is highly controversial. Sexual selection of infanticidal males has been disputed, especially for seasonally breeding species, in which death of an infant does not advance conception of the next infant. We report attacks, infants found wounded, and predation in seasonally breeding Eulemur and Lemur at Berenty, Beza Mahafaly and Duke University Primate Center, and review cases seen elsewhere. Observed attacks leading to wounds or death conservatively total twelve by extratroop males, two by troop males, and seven by troop females. Eulemur are occasional vertebrate predators, whose prey includes infant Lemur catta. Wounds inflicted by lemurs are usually abdominal canine slashes or bites to the head, with rare eating, a pattern distinct from carnivore and raptor kills. Infant killing as inferred from corpses is more frequent than previously thought, but still rare. Adaptive advantages of killing plausibly include eliminating resource competitors of females, and sexual selection on males. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 21: 21-40 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005467411880

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Lemurs / Lisa Gould  

Public ISBD Titre : Lemurs : Ecology and Adaptation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lisa Gould, Auteur ; M.L. Sauther, Auteur Mention d'édition : 1ère Edition Editeur : New York, NY [USA] : Springer Année de publication : 2006 Collection : Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, ISSN 1574-3497 Importance : 450 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-387-34586-4 Prix : $ 116,95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : ADAPTATION  EVOLUTION  BEHAVIOR  BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY  ECOLOGY  ENVIRONMENT  PRIMATE BEHAVIOR  PRIMATES Résumé : In this comprehensive volume, written by experts in the field, information gathered on lemur ecology and adaptation over the past 15 years is presented by both seasoned and newer lemur researchers, and provides us with further knowledge concerning both well-studied and rarely studied extant species, as well as insights into the ecology and adaptation of some of the recently extinct lemurs. With the dramatic increase in behavioral and ecological studies on a great variety of lemur species in the past few decades, our knowledge concerning the adaptation of these charming primates to Madagascar's unpredictable and sometimes harsh environmental conditions has improved significantly. Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptation will be a useful and fascinating source book for researchers and students of primate ecology. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34586-4 Lemurs : Ecology and Adaptation [texte imprimé] / Lisa Gould, Auteur ; M.L. Sauther, Auteur  . -  1ère Edition . - New York, NY [USA] : Springer, 2006 . - 450 p.. - (Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, ISSN 1574-3497) . ISBN : 978-0-387-34586-4 : $ 116,95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : ADAPTATION  EVOLUTION  BEHAVIOR  BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY  ECOLOGY  ENVIRONMENT  PRIMATE BEHAVIOR  PRIMATES Résumé : In this comprehensive volume, written by experts in the field, information gathered on lemur ecology and adaptation over the past 15 years is presented by both seasoned and newer lemur researchers, and provides us with further knowledge concerning both well-studied and rarely studied extant species, as well as insights into the ecology and adaptation of some of the recently extinct lemurs. With the dramatic increase in behavioral and ecological studies on a great variety of lemur species in the past few decades, our knowledge concerning the adaptation of these charming primates to Madagascar's unpredictable and sometimes harsh environmental conditions has improved significantly. Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptation will be a useful and fascinating source book for researchers and students of primate ecology. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34586-4

Contenu

• Ecologically Enigmatic Lemurs: The Sifakas of the Eastern Forests (Propithecus candidus, P. diadema, P. edwardsi, P. perrieri, and P. tattersalli) / M.L. Irwin  
• Adaptations in the Aye-aye: A review / Eleanor J. Sterling  

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Variations in behavioural patterns between Lemur catta groups living in different forest types: implications for conservation / Nicholas Ellwange  

Public ISBD Titre : Variations in behavioural patterns between Lemur catta groups living in different forest types: implications for conservation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nicholas Ellwange, Auteur ; Lisa Gould, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : LEMUR CATTA  SPINY FOREST  GALLERY FOREST  ACTIVITY BUDGET  BEHAVIOURAL FLEXIBILITY Résumé : Implementing effective primate conservation strategies requires knowledge of species’ ecological and behavioural parameters. The protection of all habitat types required for preserving viable dispersion and gene flow between disparate populations necessitates a thorough understanding of the behavioural flexibility of a species. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta inhabit a plethora of habitats throughout southern Madagascar but, hitherto, research has been restricted primarily to riverine gallery forests. The present study presents comparative data on the activity budgets and foraging behaviour of 2 L. catta groups living in different habitats at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Data were collected for 2 mo on groups living in a xerophytic spiny forest and a riverine gallery forest. The spiny forest group spent significantly more time in inactive behaviours compared with the gallery forest group. This strategy of apparent energy minimization allows L. catta to thermoregulate despite decreased water availability and high ambient temperatures. The spiny forest group spent significantly more time feeding on small fruits of succulent trees, which we associate with the group’s significantly higher rate of feeding agonism compared with the gallery forest group. These results demonstrate the high behavioural and ecological flexibility of L. catta, suggesting that xerophytic spiny forests might be a vital habitat type for L. catta conservation efforts. Future research should advance knowledge of the resources needed to sustain L. catta populations in other xerophytic spiny forests Titre du périodique : Endangered Species Research Volume : 14:259-270 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00362 Variations in behavioural patterns between Lemur catta groups living in different forest types: implications for conservation [texte imprimé] / Nicholas Ellwange, Auteur ; Lisa Gould, Auteur . - 2011. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : LEMUR CATTA  SPINY FOREST  GALLERY FOREST  ACTIVITY BUDGET  BEHAVIOURAL FLEXIBILITY Résumé : Implementing effective primate conservation strategies requires knowledge of species’ ecological and behavioural parameters. The protection of all habitat types required for preserving viable dispersion and gene flow between disparate populations necessitates a thorough understanding of the behavioural flexibility of a species. Ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta inhabit a plethora of habitats throughout southern Madagascar but, hitherto, research has been restricted primarily to riverine gallery forests. The present study presents comparative data on the activity budgets and foraging behaviour of 2 L. catta groups living in different habitats at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Data were collected for 2 mo on groups living in a xerophytic spiny forest and a riverine gallery forest. The spiny forest group spent significantly more time in inactive behaviours compared with the gallery forest group. This strategy of apparent energy minimization allows L. catta to thermoregulate despite decreased water availability and high ambient temperatures. The spiny forest group spent significantly more time feeding on small fruits of succulent trees, which we associate with the group’s significantly higher rate of feeding agonism compared with the gallery forest group. These results demonstrate the high behavioural and ecological flexibility of L. catta, suggesting that xerophytic spiny forests might be a vital habitat type for L. catta conservation efforts. Future research should advance knowledge of the resources needed to sustain L. catta populations in other xerophytic spiny forests Titre du périodique : Endangered Species Research Volume : 14:259-270 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00362

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