Group histories and offspring sex ratios in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) / C. L. Nunn  

Public ISBD Titre : Group histories and offspring sex ratios in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. L. Nunn, Auteur ; Michael E. Pereira, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : OFFSPRING SEX RATIONS  FACULTATIVE ADJUSTMENT  LOCAL RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT  RINGTAILED LEMURS  LEMUR CATTA Résumé : Birth sex ratios were examined for ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Duke University Primate Center. This population provides a long-term database of births under a variety of demographic and management conditions, including two semi-freeranging groups between which males transfer freely and females defend stable territorial boundaries. We examined three hypotheses usually considered in studies of primate sex ratio bias. The Trivers-Willard hypothesis predicts that dominant females produce males, local resource competition at the population level (LRC-population) predicts that the dispersing sex (males) will be overproduced in dense populations, and local resource competition among individuals (LRC-individual) predicts that dominant females overproduce the philopatric sex (females). We also examined a fourth hypothesis, local resource enhancement (LRE), which is usually subsumed under LRC-individual in studies of primate sex ratio evolution. LRE predicts that under certain conditions, females will produce the sex that provides later cooperative benefits, such as alliance support for within- or between-group competition. Our data provide support for LRE: females overproduce daughters given prospects of new group formation, either through group fission or threatened expulsion of young mothers. Behavioral data from Duke and also wild populations show that daughters serve mothers as important allies in this context and LRE effects also have been documented in other mammals that experience similar group histories. Nonsignificant trends in the data supported the LRC-population hypothesis, and we suggest that LRC interacts with LRE to explain offspring sex ratios in ringtailed lemurs. Titre du périodique : Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology volume Volume : 48: 18–28 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650000206 Group histories and offspring sex ratios in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) [texte imprimé] / C. L. Nunn, Auteur ; Michael E. Pereira, Auteur . - 2000. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : OFFSPRING SEX RATIONS  FACULTATIVE ADJUSTMENT  LOCAL RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT  RINGTAILED LEMURS  LEMUR CATTA Résumé : Birth sex ratios were examined for ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Duke University Primate Center. This population provides a long-term database of births under a variety of demographic and management conditions, including two semi-freeranging groups between which males transfer freely and females defend stable territorial boundaries. We examined three hypotheses usually considered in studies of primate sex ratio bias. The Trivers-Willard hypothesis predicts that dominant females produce males, local resource competition at the population level (LRC-population) predicts that the dispersing sex (males) will be overproduced in dense populations, and local resource competition among individuals (LRC-individual) predicts that dominant females overproduce the philopatric sex (females). We also examined a fourth hypothesis, local resource enhancement (LRE), which is usually subsumed under LRC-individual in studies of primate sex ratio evolution. LRE predicts that under certain conditions, females will produce the sex that provides later cooperative benefits, such as alliance support for within- or between-group competition. Our data provide support for LRE: females overproduce daughters given prospects of new group formation, either through group fission or threatened expulsion of young mothers. Behavioral data from Duke and also wild populations show that daughters serve mothers as important allies in this context and LRE effects also have been documented in other mammals that experience similar group histories. Nonsignificant trends in the data supported the LRC-population hypothesis, and we suggest that LRC interacts with LRE to explain offspring sex ratios in ringtailed lemurs. Titre du périodique : Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology volume Volume : 48: 18–28 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650000206

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Infant Killing, Wounding and Predation in Eulemur and Lemur / Alison Jolly  

Public ISBD Titre : Infant Killing, Wounding and Predation in Eulemur and Lemur Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alison Jolly ; S. Caless ; Lisa Gould ; Michael E. Pereira ; A Pitts ; R.E. Pride ; H.D. Rabenandrasana ; J.D. Walker ; T. Zafison, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Menaces et Pressions Mots-clés : INFANTICIDE  SEASONAL BREEDING  FEMALE AGGRESSION  IMMIGRANT MALES Résumé : Infant killing by primates is highly controversial. Sexual selection of infanticidal males has been disputed, especially for seasonally breeding species, in which death of an infant does not advance conception of the next infant. We report attacks, infants found wounded, and predation in seasonally breeding Eulemur and Lemur at Berenty, Beza Mahafaly and Duke University Primate Center, and review cases seen elsewhere. Observed attacks leading to wounds or death conservatively total twelve by extratroop males, two by troop males, and seven by troop females. Eulemur are occasional vertebrate predators, whose prey includes infant Lemur catta. Wounds inflicted by lemurs are usually abdominal canine slashes or bites to the head, with rare eating, a pattern distinct from carnivore and raptor kills. Infant killing as inferred from corpses is more frequent than previously thought, but still rare. Adaptive advantages of killing plausibly include eliminating resource competitors of females, and sexual selection on males. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 21: 21-40 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005467411880 Infant Killing, Wounding and Predation in Eulemur and Lemur [texte imprimé] / Alison Jolly ; S. Caless ; Lisa Gould ; Michael E. Pereira ; A Pitts ; R.E. Pride ; H.D. Rabenandrasana ; J.D. Walker ; T. Zafison, Auteur . - 2000. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Menaces et Pressions Mots-clés : INFANTICIDE  SEASONAL BREEDING  FEMALE AGGRESSION  IMMIGRANT MALES Résumé : Infant killing by primates is highly controversial. Sexual selection of infanticidal males has been disputed, especially for seasonally breeding species, in which death of an infant does not advance conception of the next infant. We report attacks, infants found wounded, and predation in seasonally breeding Eulemur and Lemur at Berenty, Beza Mahafaly and Duke University Primate Center, and review cases seen elsewhere. Observed attacks leading to wounds or death conservatively total twelve by extratroop males, two by troop males, and seven by troop females. Eulemur are occasional vertebrate predators, whose prey includes infant Lemur catta. Wounds inflicted by lemurs are usually abdominal canine slashes or bites to the head, with rare eating, a pattern distinct from carnivore and raptor kills. Infant killing as inferred from corpses is more frequent than previously thought, but still rare. Adaptive advantages of killing plausibly include eliminating resource competitors of females, and sexual selection on males. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 21: 21-40 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005467411880

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