Influence of dry season and food quality and quantity on behavior and feeding strategy of Propithecus verreauxi in Kirindy, Madagascar / Ivan Norscia

Public ISBD Titre : Influence of dry season and food quality and quantity on behavior and feeding strategy of Propithecus verreauxi in Kirindy, Madagascar Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ivan Norscia, Auteur ; Valentina Carrai, Auteur ; Silvana M Borgognini-Tarli, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : ACTIVITY PATTERNS  DIET  DRY SEASON  FEEDING STRATEGY  PROPITHECYS VERREAUXI VERREAUXI  RANGING BEHAVIOR  SIFAKA Résumé : According to optimal foraging theory, herbivores can base food choice mainly on the quality or the quantity of food, or both. Among herbivorous primates, folivorous lemurs living in the highly seasonal environment of Madagascar have to cope with the shortage of high-quality food during the dry season, at least in deciduous forests. We studied (Verreaux's sifaka) in Kirindy, western Madagascar, to understand the influence of dry season and food quality and quantity on behavioral patterns and feeding strategy (qualitative vs. quantitative dietary choice) of a folivorous lemur in a deciduous forest. We followed 7 groups (4 groups/period; 3 individuals/group/month) during 4 periods of the year (wet season: February–March; early/middle/late dry season: May–June; July–September; October–November). We collected samples of plants eaten and examined behavioral and feeding patterns, considering food quality (macronutrients, proteins/fibers ratio, and tannins) and abundance. We found 1) a significant reduction of home range, core area, and daily path length from the wet to the dry season, possibly related to dietary change and 2) a daily period of inactivity in the dry season for energy conservation. Regarding the feeding strategy, Kirindy sifakas showed 1) high variation and selection in choosing food items and 2) a dietary choice based mainly on quality: Kirindy sifakas fed on plant species/families independently from their abundance and tannins represented a feeding deterrent during the dry season. Overall, behavioral and dietary adaptations allow Kirindy sifakas to overcome the shortage of high-quality food in the lean period. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 27(4): 1001-1022 Influence of dry season and food quality and quantity on behavior and feeding strategy of Propithecus verreauxi in Kirindy, Madagascar [texte imprimé] / Ivan Norscia, Auteur ; Valentina Carrai, Auteur ; Silvana M Borgognini-Tarli, Auteur . - 2006. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : ACTIVITY PATTERNS  DIET  DRY SEASON  FEEDING STRATEGY  PROPITHECYS VERREAUXI VERREAUXI  RANGING BEHAVIOR  SIFAKA Résumé : According to optimal foraging theory, herbivores can base food choice mainly on the quality or the quantity of food, or both. Among herbivorous primates, folivorous lemurs living in the highly seasonal environment of Madagascar have to cope with the shortage of high-quality food during the dry season, at least in deciduous forests. We studied (Verreaux's sifaka) in Kirindy, western Madagascar, to understand the influence of dry season and food quality and quantity on behavioral patterns and feeding strategy (qualitative vs. quantitative dietary choice) of a folivorous lemur in a deciduous forest. We followed 7 groups (4 groups/period; 3 individuals/group/month) during 4 periods of the year (wet season: February–March; early/middle/late dry season: May–June; July–September; October–November). We collected samples of plants eaten and examined behavioral and feeding patterns, considering food quality (macronutrients, proteins/fibers ratio, and tannins) and abundance. We found 1) a significant reduction of home range, core area, and daily path length from the wet to the dry season, possibly related to dietary change and 2) a daily period of inactivity in the dry season for energy conservation. Regarding the feeding strategy, Kirindy sifakas showed 1) high variation and selection in choosing food items and 2) a dietary choice based mainly on quality: Kirindy sifakas fed on plant species/families independently from their abundance and tannins represented a feeding deterrent during the dry season. Overall, behavioral and dietary adaptations allow Kirindy sifakas to overcome the shortage of high-quality food in the lean period. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 27(4): 1001-1022

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Ranging Behavior and Possible Correlates of Pair-Living in Southeastern Avahis (Madagascar) / Ivan Norscia

Public ISBD Titre : Ranging Behavior and Possible Correlates of Pair-Living in Southeastern Avahis (Madagascar) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ivan Norscia, Auteur ; Silvana M. Borgognini-Tarli, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : AVAHI LANIGER  AVAHI MERIDIONALIS  FOLIVORE  MONOGAMY  WOOLLY LEMUR Résumé : Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to explain pair-living in primates. In particular, when males are not involved in direct parental care, pair-living may be related to female dispersal, infanticide prevention, or male mate/resource defense. We aimed to evaluate, through a better understanding of the ranging patterns of avahis, which hypotheses may best account for pair-living in these nocturnal lemurs. We collected focal observations over 26 nights, June–September 2004, in a littoral forest (Sainte Luce, southeastern Madagascar) on 4 adult radiocollared avahis [Avahi laniger (Tattersall, I. (1982). The Primates of Madagascar. Columbia University Press, New York.) or Avahi meridionalis (Zaramody in Primate Reports 74:9–22, 2006)]. We followed 2 males and 2 females from 2 groups: B, a male-female couple, and A, comprising the parental pair and 1-yr-old female offspring. The adult females birthed in August. We recorded resting and feeding tree points (via global positioning system) for home range calculation through minimum convex polygon and kernel methods. We provide the first quantitative information on the ranging behavior of 2 male and 2 female avahis. Home range/daily path length values (means) are higher than the ones previously reported for the same and other folivorous pair-living lemur species. On average, the 2 females spent more time feeding and traveled shorter distances than the 2 males did. Male–female cohesion (mean values), possibly enhanced by offspring presence, was higher in A and after births than in B and before births, respectively. Although male avahis may be forced into pair-living owing to energy constraints related to size, locomotion, and diet, females might accept pair-living in exchange for indirect territory defense and mate guarding. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 29:153-171 Ranging Behavior and Possible Correlates of Pair-Living in Southeastern Avahis (Madagascar) [texte imprimé] / Ivan Norscia, Auteur ; Silvana M. Borgognini-Tarli, Auteur . - 2008. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : AVAHI LANIGER  AVAHI MERIDIONALIS  FOLIVORE  MONOGAMY  WOOLLY LEMUR Résumé : Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to explain pair-living in primates. In particular, when males are not involved in direct parental care, pair-living may be related to female dispersal, infanticide prevention, or male mate/resource defense. We aimed to evaluate, through a better understanding of the ranging patterns of avahis, which hypotheses may best account for pair-living in these nocturnal lemurs. We collected focal observations over 26 nights, June–September 2004, in a littoral forest (Sainte Luce, southeastern Madagascar) on 4 adult radiocollared avahis [Avahi laniger (Tattersall, I. (1982). The Primates of Madagascar. Columbia University Press, New York.) or Avahi meridionalis (Zaramody in Primate Reports 74:9–22, 2006)]. We followed 2 males and 2 females from 2 groups: B, a male-female couple, and A, comprising the parental pair and 1-yr-old female offspring. The adult females birthed in August. We recorded resting and feeding tree points (via global positioning system) for home range calculation through minimum convex polygon and kernel methods. We provide the first quantitative information on the ranging behavior of 2 male and 2 female avahis. Home range/daily path length values (means) are higher than the ones previously reported for the same and other folivorous pair-living lemur species. On average, the 2 females spent more time feeding and traveled shorter distances than the 2 males did. Male–female cohesion (mean values), possibly enhanced by offspring presence, was higher in A and after births than in B and before births, respectively. Although male avahis may be forced into pair-living owing to energy constraints related to size, locomotion, and diet, females might accept pair-living in exchange for indirect territory defense and mate guarding. Titre du périodique : International Journal of Primatology Volume : 29:153-171

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