Titre :	Mutual mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation and human development : towards a more radical ecosystem approach
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur ; Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Alberto Vega E., Auteur
Importance :	p 15-34
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	BIODIVERSITE  DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN  APPROCHE ECOSYSTEMIQUE  DURABILITE  CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE
Résumé :	This paper recommends adopting a more intensive approach towards embedding principles and practice of ecosystem management in both the conservation sector and the wider development policy framework within and across state borders. In popularising the Ecosystem approach, by for instance formulating the Malawi principles that target a broad audience, it has been expanded, almost to the point of diluting and losing some important underpinning fundamental scientific concepts rooted in ecosystem science. In an attempt to retrieve the fundamental messages of the Ecosystem Approach, this paper proposes an analysis of a Radical Ecosystem Approach. Radical, in this instance, refers back to the roots of the concept, inviting conservationists to focus on the root causes of the problems that beleaguer the planet's ecosystems. In particular, recent evidence for human-induced climate change and the impact it is already having on biodiversity has added to the sense of urgency and the need for a much more radical reading and application of the Ecosystem Approach. Until now there has been no acknowledgment that all problems arising from biodiversity loss, soil degradation/desertification and climate change are symptoms of the same root causes. This being the case, any workable solution would require a fully integrative strategy based on (eco)system science. Thus, a Radical Ecosystem Approach could also serve as a common basis for further integration of the different Rio conventions. The approach, outlined in 15 principles within four groups, is based on conclusions distilled from an extensive body of scientific literature as well as from empirical data related to the interlinkages of human development and biodiversity. It is of crucial importance to recognize that the 'Earth super-ecosystem' is a complex system of higher order of nested and/or overlapping and interacting subsystems. Human systems are an integral and dependent part of the global ecosystem and all laws of nature that rule the functioning of the systems should apply to the anthroposystem. Maintaining the function of the global ecosystem and avoiding significant state shifts of the Earth system must be the overarching goal of human development and biodiversity conservation. A competent and conscious dealing with non-knowledge is a fundamental part of ecosystem management (under global change). A post-normal science perspective recognizes the cognitive limitations of humans and provides important insights for management of pluralistic complex systems, which goes beyond the basis of 'hard' scientific evidence. We also discuss strategic objectives for biodiversity conservation that should be focused on the root-causes of unsustainable development. Concrete elements for the implementation of a Radical Ecosystem Approach would include, amongst others, ecological economics and econics (a discipline that promotes the mimicking of ecological system dynamics and functioning for improved ecosystem management and functioning of socio-economic systems).
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Mutual mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation and human development : towards a more radical ecosystem approach [texte imprimé] / Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur ; Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Alberto Vega E., Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 15-34.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	BIODIVERSITE  DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN  APPROCHE ECOSYSTEMIQUE  DURABILITE  CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE
Résumé :	This paper recommends adopting a more intensive approach towards embedding principles and practice of ecosystem management in both the conservation sector and the wider development policy framework within and across state borders. In popularising the Ecosystem approach, by for instance formulating the Malawi principles that target a broad audience, it has been expanded, almost to the point of diluting and losing some important underpinning fundamental scientific concepts rooted in ecosystem science. In an attempt to retrieve the fundamental messages of the Ecosystem Approach, this paper proposes an analysis of a Radical Ecosystem Approach. Radical, in this instance, refers back to the roots of the concept, inviting conservationists to focus on the root causes of the problems that beleaguer the planet's ecosystems. In particular, recent evidence for human-induced climate change and the impact it is already having on biodiversity has added to the sense of urgency and the need for a much more radical reading and application of the Ecosystem Approach. Until now there has been no acknowledgment that all problems arising from biodiversity loss, soil degradation/desertification and climate change are symptoms of the same root causes. This being the case, any workable solution would require a fully integrative strategy based on (eco)system science. Thus, a Radical Ecosystem Approach could also serve as a common basis for further integration of the different Rio conventions. The approach, outlined in 15 principles within four groups, is based on conclusions distilled from an extensive body of scientific literature as well as from empirical data related to the interlinkages of human development and biodiversity. It is of crucial importance to recognize that the 'Earth super-ecosystem' is a complex system of higher order of nested and/or overlapping and interacting subsystems. Human systems are an integral and dependent part of the global ecosystem and all laws of nature that rule the functioning of the systems should apply to the anthroposystem. Maintaining the function of the global ecosystem and avoiding significant state shifts of the Earth system must be the overarching goal of human development and biodiversity conservation. A competent and conscious dealing with non-knowledge is a fundamental part of ecosystem management (under global change). A post-normal science perspective recognizes the cognitive limitations of humans and provides important insights for management of pluralistic complex systems, which goes beyond the basis of 'hard' scientific evidence. We also discuss strategic objectives for biodiversity conservation that should be focused on the root-causes of unsustainable development. Concrete elements for the implementation of a Radical Ecosystem Approach would include, amongst others, ecological economics and econics (a discipline that promotes the mimicking of ecological system dynamics and functioning for improved ecosystem management and functioning of socio-economic systems).
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Titre :	Empirical background papers : a view on global patterns and interlinkages of biodiversity and human development
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Lisa Freudenberger, Auteur ; Martin Schluck, Auteur ; Peter Hobson, Auteur
Importance :	p 37-58
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN  BIODIVERSITE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE
Résumé :	This paper proposes the use of the more than 9000 Ecopolitical Units (EPU 9000), a combination of all national state and ecoregional borders, as means of carrying out a detailed statistical assessment of the interdependencies and linkages between biodiversity , human development and global change. To determine general linkages between the social and ecological systems, a broad statistical analysis using 66 parameters related to biodiversity, environment, socioeconomics and politics was carried out. Both the statistical treatment and the mapping of selected relationships between different factors shed light on the spatial pattering of coinciding parameters. Major findings, for instance, have revealed a lack of evidence for a relationship between the distribution of carbon storage and vscular plant species richness although species richness appeared to correlate withe the degree of threat to biodiversity. However, highest carbon storage was found in those regions of the world that were identified as most intact and also corresponded with the lowest records for vascular plnt species richness. Further analysis of the data suggested there were associations to be found between various measures of social parameters such as international trade, demographic factors and human development and that these also correlated against the index for biodiversity. Furthermore human development and increasing wealth were associated with higher resource consumption and therefore with higher environmental costs and degradation. The findings of this study highlight a complexity of multiple factors underlying the status of global biodiversity that requires a pluralistic approach to integrative planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable human wellbeing. In its pretext, this paper recognizes that current practices in social and environmental affairs operate in isolation and this is already having a severe impact on human wellbeing and biodiversity. High export rates coupled with increasing overexploitation of nature are driving down the provisioning of ecosystem services, and this in turn is most affecting local and poor communities in developing countries. The environmental costs for the high standards of living of more developed countries are in many cases externalized and shifted towards poorer countries with high biocapacity. The more developed countries are saving their own resources due to international trade. Areas in the northern boreal hemisphere like Russia, Japan and northern Europe are importing agricultural products while they maintain high quantities of forest coverage. Since biodiversity and human development are interacting and mutually dependent, conservation has to be incorporated in human development policy much more consciously and actively. Biodiversity conservation has to operate within the realistic expectations of social needs including growing demands on resources. The extreme effects of globalization on both ecology and social wellbeing demands a radical approach to future strategies of managing human environmental sustainability.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Empirical background papers : a view on global patterns and interlinkages of biodiversity and human development [texte imprimé] / Lisa Freudenberger, Auteur ; Martin Schluck, Auteur ; Peter Hobson, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 37-58.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN  BIODIVERSITE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE
Résumé :	This paper proposes the use of the more than 9000 Ecopolitical Units (EPU 9000), a combination of all national state and ecoregional borders, as means of carrying out a detailed statistical assessment of the interdependencies and linkages between biodiversity , human development and global change. To determine general linkages between the social and ecological systems, a broad statistical analysis using 66 parameters related to biodiversity, environment, socioeconomics and politics was carried out. Both the statistical treatment and the mapping of selected relationships between different factors shed light on the spatial pattering of coinciding parameters. Major findings, for instance, have revealed a lack of evidence for a relationship between the distribution of carbon storage and vscular plant species richness although species richness appeared to correlate withe the degree of threat to biodiversity. However, highest carbon storage was found in those regions of the world that were identified as most intact and also corresponded with the lowest records for vascular plnt species richness. Further analysis of the data suggested there were associations to be found between various measures of social parameters such as international trade, demographic factors and human development and that these also correlated against the index for biodiversity. Furthermore human development and increasing wealth were associated with higher resource consumption and therefore with higher environmental costs and degradation. The findings of this study highlight a complexity of multiple factors underlying the status of global biodiversity that requires a pluralistic approach to integrative planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable human wellbeing. In its pretext, this paper recognizes that current practices in social and environmental affairs operate in isolation and this is already having a severe impact on human wellbeing and biodiversity. High export rates coupled with increasing overexploitation of nature are driving down the provisioning of ecosystem services, and this in turn is most affecting local and poor communities in developing countries. The environmental costs for the high standards of living of more developed countries are in many cases externalized and shifted towards poorer countries with high biocapacity. The more developed countries are saving their own resources due to international trade. Areas in the northern boreal hemisphere like Russia, Japan and northern Europe are importing agricultural products while they maintain high quantities of forest coverage. Since biodiversity and human development are interacting and mutually dependent, conservation has to be incorporated in human development policy much more consciously and actively. Biodiversity conservation has to operate within the realistic expectations of social needs including growing demands on resources. The extreme effects of globalization on both ecology and social wellbeing demands a radical approach to future strategies of managing human environmental sustainability.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Titre :	Development, biodiversity conservation and global change in Madagascar
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Iris Kiefer, Auteur ; Pascal Lopez, Auteur ; Claudine Ramiarison, Auteur
Importance :	p 59-83
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	BIODIVERSITE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE  MADAGASIKARA  DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN
Résumé :	Madagascar's outstanding biodiversity, with high species richness and a remarkable rate of endemism is threatened by anthropogenic pressure driven by population growth and non-sustainable use of its natural resources. Its mainly rural and poor population shows a high dependence on natural resources and a strong relation to nature and environment, which is reflected in the malagasy culture and traditions. Urban populations and semi-external stakeholders also depend on Madagascar's ecosystem goods and services but generally have more choices and access to alternatives. As a tropical island state, Madagascar's economy depends on a great extent on exported ecosystem goods such as seafood and species and increasingly on minerals derived by extractive industries. Human well-being could be enhanced by generating income from the sustainable use of its biodiversity and related ecosystem services. The condition and availability of biodiversity and ecosystem services seem to be interlinked with political stability. Unsustainable use of its biodiversity, probably coupled with foreign investments related to land and natural resource use imply the risk of social inequality and unrest. Global environmental and socio-economic changes, such as climate change or high population growth rates, have an influence on human well-being which makes the access to and availability of ecosystem services a major concern. The integrity of biodiversity, hence , contributes to the extent of vulnerability of Madagascaré's population and the reduction of dependences and poverty. Various approaches are undertaken to conserve Madagascar's unique biodiversity but they still need to be amplified and to be conciliated with development aid and cooperation. In three scenarios we suggest possible futures for Madagascar, depending on internal and external factors such as political and economic performance, demographic changes and global warming. The worst case scenario of failing governance and collapsing ecosystem services has to be avoided by all means.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Development, biodiversity conservation and global change in Madagascar [texte imprimé] / Iris Kiefer, Auteur ; Pascal Lopez, Auteur ; Claudine Ramiarison, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 59-83.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	BIODIVERSITE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE  MADAGASIKARA  DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN
Résumé :	Madagascar's outstanding biodiversity, with high species richness and a remarkable rate of endemism is threatened by anthropogenic pressure driven by population growth and non-sustainable use of its natural resources. Its mainly rural and poor population shows a high dependence on natural resources and a strong relation to nature and environment, which is reflected in the malagasy culture and traditions. Urban populations and semi-external stakeholders also depend on Madagascar's ecosystem goods and services but generally have more choices and access to alternatives. As a tropical island state, Madagascar's economy depends on a great extent on exported ecosystem goods such as seafood and species and increasingly on minerals derived by extractive industries. Human well-being could be enhanced by generating income from the sustainable use of its biodiversity and related ecosystem services. The condition and availability of biodiversity and ecosystem services seem to be interlinked with political stability. Unsustainable use of its biodiversity, probably coupled with foreign investments related to land and natural resource use imply the risk of social inequality and unrest. Global environmental and socio-economic changes, such as climate change or high population growth rates, have an influence on human well-being which makes the access to and availability of ecosystem services a major concern. The integrity of biodiversity, hence , contributes to the extent of vulnerability of Madagascaré's population and the reduction of dependences and poverty. Various approaches are undertaken to conserve Madagascar's unique biodiversity but they still need to be amplified and to be conciliated with development aid and cooperation. In three scenarios we suggest possible futures for Madagascar, depending on internal and external factors such as political and economic performance, demographic changes and global warming. The worst case scenario of failing governance and collapsing ecosystem services has to be avoided by all means.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Titre :	Development, biodiversity conservation and global change in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Juliane Geyer, Auteur ; Lars Schmidt, Auteur ; Yvan Kruglov, Auteur
Importance :	p 84-97
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DEVELOPPEMENT  BIODIVERSITE  CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE  UKRAINE
Résumé :	The Ukrainian Carpathians hold high biological diversity and cultural diversity for similar reasons. They are influencing each other in their decline caused by rapid regional changes. Most of the population lives in rural areas and depends on ecosystem services. Subsistence farming and non-timber forest products provide direct supplies for most people 's livelihoods. Forestry and tourism are the main branches of economy activity and source of income. However, regional and global changes are starting to cause a disconnection between people and direct ecosystem services. The export of ecosystem services, especially in the wood-processing and tourism sector plays a greater role for the economy and human well-being than their import and there is a high degree of self-sufficiency. Biodiversity and ecosystem services play a mjor role in socio-economic and socio-political stability, providing a kind of safety net in times of crisis. Their integrity also lowers vulnerability to climate change ; impacts can primarly be observed where biodiversity integrity is already interrupted. In the Carpathians the legal and institutional framework for a conciliation of development and conservation is sophisticated and bears high potential but pratical implementation in the Ukrainian Carpathians is still rather uncertain. In particular, proactive biosphere reserve management is a very promising instrument integrating developments in forestry and tourism. The lively history of the area indicates that major and sudden changes can be expected in the future. The future development of biodiversity and conservation might depend on economic and political developments at various scales (national and regional ) and could go in quite different directions
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ENVIRONNEMENT PHYSIQUE

Development, biodiversity conservation and global change in the Ukrainian Carpathians [texte imprimé] / Juliane Geyer, Auteur ; Lars Schmidt, Auteur ; Yvan Kruglov, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 84-97.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DEVELOPPEMENT  BIODIVERSITE  CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE  UKRAINE
Résumé :	The Ukrainian Carpathians hold high biological diversity and cultural diversity for similar reasons. They are influencing each other in their decline caused by rapid regional changes. Most of the population lives in rural areas and depends on ecosystem services. Subsistence farming and non-timber forest products provide direct supplies for most people 's livelihoods. Forestry and tourism are the main branches of economy activity and source of income. However, regional and global changes are starting to cause a disconnection between people and direct ecosystem services. The export of ecosystem services, especially in the wood-processing and tourism sector plays a greater role for the economy and human well-being than their import and there is a high degree of self-sufficiency. Biodiversity and ecosystem services play a mjor role in socio-economic and socio-political stability, providing a kind of safety net in times of crisis. Their integrity also lowers vulnerability to climate change ; impacts can primarly be observed where biodiversity integrity is already interrupted. In the Carpathians the legal and institutional framework for a conciliation of development and conservation is sophisticated and bears high potential but pratical implementation in the Ukrainian Carpathians is still rather uncertain. In particular, proactive biosphere reserve management is a very promising instrument integrating developments in forestry and tourism. The lively history of the area indicates that major and sudden changes can be expected in the future. The future development of biodiversity and conservation might depend on economic and political developments at various scales (national and regional ) and could go in quite different directions
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ENVIRONNEMENT PHYSIQUE

Titre :	Biocultural diversity and development under local and global change
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Thora Martina Herrmann, Auteur ; Gary Martin, Auteur ; Laxmi Pant, Auteur
Importance :	p 98-126
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	BIODIVERSITE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE  DEVELOPPEMENT  CONNAISSANCE ECOLOGIQUE
Résumé :	Biological diversity and cultural diversity are reinforcing and dependent and in many parts of the world we find a clear correlation of both. Numerous cultural expressions of people are influenced by biodiversity, its status, trends and the services it provides. Major ensembles of biological diversity are developed and managed by cultural groups, using language and knowledge as tools. The preservation of this biocultural diversity depends on social, historical relationships and cultural practices which have co-evolved between human societies and nature. However, this mutual dependence is now under threat. As highlighted by the Third Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO3), the extinction crisis of global bio-cultural diversity-which includes human beings, species, ecosystems, languages, cultures and traditional knowledge-is advancing at an alarming and unparalleled pace and is exacerbated by climate change. If the natural environment is changed or lost, the cultural knowledge based on it is also lost, along with the traditional practices vital for maintaining local indigenous livelihoods in agricultural, pastoral, coastal and marine settings. In order to improve the status of biodiversity, which underpins the well-being and development of humanity, it is crucial to recognise that most of the problems of loss of biological diversity, local ecological knowledge and why these notions/approaches are relevant for sustaining livelihoods and for understanding the interlinkages between nature and culture. It presents the various development/research approaches available to assist in strengthening local and indigenous institutions and ownership, while putting an emphasis on endogenous development. The second and third sections will discuss the human rights based approach to development, local knowledge and biocultural diversity, by looking at the linkages between conservation and use of biodiversity, benefit sharing from the commercial use of biodiversity, traditional knowledge and the intellectual property rights and international negotiations. The fourth section will elaborate on how changes in local and global contexts have forced local communities to find new adaptation strategies. The fifth section will explore the scope, diversity and challenges of indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAS) and the usefulness of the ICCA concept for securing community governance of natural resources , and preserving biocultural diversity in the face of global and local changes. A number of case studies included in this chapter illustrate the issues adressed. Each section of this chapter draws lessons learned, develops recommendations and provides options for policy at the local, national and international level. This chapter shows that by incorporating biocultural diversity into development planning and implementation-for example through the legal empowerment or appropriate recognition of indigenous and community conserved areas-not only contributes to the safeguarding of ecosystem services in times of global and local changes, but also enhances human development and well-being.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Biocultural diversity and development under local and global change [texte imprimé] / Thora Martina Herrmann, Auteur ; Gary Martin, Auteur ; Laxmi Pant, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 98-126.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	BIODIVERSITE  CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE  DEVELOPPEMENT  CONNAISSANCE ECOLOGIQUE
Résumé :	Biological diversity and cultural diversity are reinforcing and dependent and in many parts of the world we find a clear correlation of both. Numerous cultural expressions of people are influenced by biodiversity, its status, trends and the services it provides. Major ensembles of biological diversity are developed and managed by cultural groups, using language and knowledge as tools. The preservation of this biocultural diversity depends on social, historical relationships and cultural practices which have co-evolved between human societies and nature. However, this mutual dependence is now under threat. As highlighted by the Third Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO3), the extinction crisis of global bio-cultural diversity-which includes human beings, species, ecosystems, languages, cultures and traditional knowledge-is advancing at an alarming and unparalleled pace and is exacerbated by climate change. If the natural environment is changed or lost, the cultural knowledge based on it is also lost, along with the traditional practices vital for maintaining local indigenous livelihoods in agricultural, pastoral, coastal and marine settings. In order to improve the status of biodiversity, which underpins the well-being and development of humanity, it is crucial to recognise that most of the problems of loss of biological diversity, local ecological knowledge and why these notions/approaches are relevant for sustaining livelihoods and for understanding the interlinkages between nature and culture. It presents the various development/research approaches available to assist in strengthening local and indigenous institutions and ownership, while putting an emphasis on endogenous development. The second and third sections will discuss the human rights based approach to development, local knowledge and biocultural diversity, by looking at the linkages between conservation and use of biodiversity, benefit sharing from the commercial use of biodiversity, traditional knowledge and the intellectual property rights and international negotiations. The fourth section will elaborate on how changes in local and global contexts have forced local communities to find new adaptation strategies. The fifth section will explore the scope, diversity and challenges of indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAS) and the usefulness of the ICCA concept for securing community governance of natural resources , and preserving biocultural diversity in the face of global and local changes. A number of case studies included in this chapter illustrate the issues adressed. Each section of this chapter draws lessons learned, develops recommendations and provides options for policy at the local, national and international level. This chapter shows that by incorporating biocultural diversity into development planning and implementation-for example through the legal empowerment or appropriate recognition of indigenous and community conserved areas-not only contributes to the safeguarding of ecosystem services in times of global and local changes, but also enhances human development and well-being.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Titre :	Theoretical background papers : an alternative conceptual framework for sustainability : systemics and thermodynamics
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur
Importance :	p 127-148
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DURABILITE  THERMODYNAMIQUE  SYSTEME ECOLOGIQUE  PENSEE ECOLOGIQUE  PANARCHIE
Résumé :	The conventional view held by many scientists was that a thorough understanding of nature in all its diversity and complexity could be best achieved by an ever increasing detailed analysis of its single pieces , in other words, adopting an atomistic approach to the study of the individual components within a system and by observing cause-effect behavior between them . However, such technomorphic reductionism does not factor in emergent properties of systems, variability and non-liar processes across scales, which leads to problematic misunderstandings . In this paper, a systemic approach to sustainability is developed setting out som e of the philosophy and science underpinning current understanding of complex systems and thermodynamics. Ecosystem theory, based on systems theory and ecosystem thermodynamics, facilitates a better understanding of the relationship between natural and anthropogenic systems. It also sets out clear parameters and measurable boundaries to systems in terms of productivity, carrying capacity, limits of change, resilience, as well as factors in the unpredictable nature and uncertainty of system behavior . Systems, to a certain extent , are open to both energy and material flow but continue to maintain definition and integrity in rather the same way as does a cell with a permeable membrane. A central feature to systems ecology is the transformation of energy through and across system-scale boundaries of ecosystems, encompassing thermodynamics, chemistry and both biological and ecological energetics. In this paper, a systemic treatment of the concept of sustainability is developed. The thesis also builds on the understanding and findings of other authors who have already claimed that a systemic perspective on the nature –society continuum provides a clearer frame of reference for effective analysis and a more appropriate basis for understanding the urgent problems we face on earth. Accepting the premise that all environmental and social constructs are systems or part of a system, then where components are observed to interact and forms systems, a logical question would enquire about the nature of the force that drives systems towards assembling and sefl-organizing. This question has in part been answered through on-going research into thermodynamics, however rather less is understood about the relationships between the environment, rapidly evolving social systems and the concept of sustainability in the context of both thermodynamic and non-equilibrium thermodynamics to problems of environment-culture relationships and sustainability. While the post-normal and transdisciplinary concepts related to systemics and thermodynamics have simulated and enriched general sustainability science, we feel that they have not been introduced into biodiversity conservation and the discourses related to the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Just as systemics provides general explanations for the function and dysfunction of both biological-ecological and cultural entities, it is also the necessary means of carrying out the analysis of interlinkages between biodiversity and development.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Theoretical background papers : an alternative conceptual framework for sustainability : systemics and thermodynamics [texte imprimé] / Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 127-148.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DURABILITE  THERMODYNAMIQUE  SYSTEME ECOLOGIQUE  PENSEE ECOLOGIQUE  PANARCHIE
Résumé :	The conventional view held by many scientists was that a thorough understanding of nature in all its diversity and complexity could be best achieved by an ever increasing detailed analysis of its single pieces , in other words, adopting an atomistic approach to the study of the individual components within a system and by observing cause-effect behavior between them . However, such technomorphic reductionism does not factor in emergent properties of systems, variability and non-liar processes across scales, which leads to problematic misunderstandings . In this paper, a systemic approach to sustainability is developed setting out som e of the philosophy and science underpinning current understanding of complex systems and thermodynamics. Ecosystem theory, based on systems theory and ecosystem thermodynamics, facilitates a better understanding of the relationship between natural and anthropogenic systems. It also sets out clear parameters and measurable boundaries to systems in terms of productivity, carrying capacity, limits of change, resilience, as well as factors in the unpredictable nature and uncertainty of system behavior . Systems, to a certain extent , are open to both energy and material flow but continue to maintain definition and integrity in rather the same way as does a cell with a permeable membrane. A central feature to systems ecology is the transformation of energy through and across system-scale boundaries of ecosystems, encompassing thermodynamics, chemistry and both biological and ecological energetics. In this paper, a systemic treatment of the concept of sustainability is developed. The thesis also builds on the understanding and findings of other authors who have already claimed that a systemic perspective on the nature –society continuum provides a clearer frame of reference for effective analysis and a more appropriate basis for understanding the urgent problems we face on earth. Accepting the premise that all environmental and social constructs are systems or part of a system, then where components are observed to interact and forms systems, a logical question would enquire about the nature of the force that drives systems towards assembling and sefl-organizing. This question has in part been answered through on-going research into thermodynamics, however rather less is understood about the relationships between the environment, rapidly evolving social systems and the concept of sustainability in the context of both thermodynamic and non-equilibrium thermodynamics to problems of environment-culture relationships and sustainability. While the post-normal and transdisciplinary concepts related to systemics and thermodynamics have simulated and enriched general sustainability science, we feel that they have not been introduced into biodiversity conservation and the discourses related to the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Just as systemics provides general explanations for the function and dysfunction of both biological-ecological and cultural entities, it is also the necessary means of carrying out the analysis of interlinkages between biodiversity and development.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Titre :	The integrated anthroposystem : globalizing human evolution and development within the global ecosystem
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur ; Peter Hobson, Auteur
Importance :	p 149-183
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	EVOLUTION HUMAINE  ANTHROPOSYSTEM  DEVELOPPEMENT  ECOSYSTEME
Résumé :	This paper, in a transdisciplinary approach, draws together concepts and evidence from biological, anthropological, paleoecological, historical, political and economic research and presents a comprehensive theory to explain past, present and future evolution of the anthroposystem in terms of natural sciences and system theory. Cultural evolution, history of mankind and even the ecologically unsustainable performance of people are seen as the continuation and part of biological evolution of a species that was and still is an integral part of a holarchical subsystem, the earth 's ecosystem. Things that are often treated as purely cultural in humans 'have deep roots in our animal past and thus are quite likely to rest on direct genetic foundations ' . Additionally, we are convinced of the need that 'the basis for any natural law describing the evolution of social systems must be the physical laws governing open systems, i.e. systems embedded in their environment with which they exchange matter and energy ' . This might be a trivial statement for many modern anthropologists and many natural scientists but it is far from being part of general knowledge and education.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

The integrated anthroposystem : globalizing human evolution and development within the global ecosystem [texte imprimé] / Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur ; Peter Hobson, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 149-183.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	EVOLUTION HUMAINE  ANTHROPOSYSTEM  DEVELOPPEMENT  ECOSYSTEME
Résumé :	This paper, in a transdisciplinary approach, draws together concepts and evidence from biological, anthropological, paleoecological, historical, political and economic research and presents a comprehensive theory to explain past, present and future evolution of the anthroposystem in terms of natural sciences and system theory. Cultural evolution, history of mankind and even the ecologically unsustainable performance of people are seen as the continuation and part of biological evolution of a species that was and still is an integral part of a holarchical subsystem, the earth 's ecosystem. Things that are often treated as purely cultural in humans 'have deep roots in our animal past and thus are quite likely to rest on direct genetic foundations ' . Additionally, we are convinced of the need that 'the basis for any natural law describing the evolution of social systems must be the physical laws governing open systems, i.e. systems embedded in their environment with which they exchange matter and energy ' . This might be a trivial statement for many modern anthropologists and many natural scientists but it is far from being part of general knowledge and education.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Titre :	Strategic sustainable development : a synthesis towards thermodynamically efficient systems and post-normal complex systems management
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur
Importance :	p 184-196
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE  STRATEGIE DE DEVELOPPEMENT  THERMODYNAMIQUE  GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Résumé :	Fundamental issues to do with unsustainable human development and energy management that lead to converging crises such as biodiversity loss or climate change require urgent attention if global society is to progress in a sustained way in the long-term. Measures of thermodynamic efficiency go beyond the obvious relatioship between society and energy resources, to also include the way humans utilize the physical and biological landscape. A number of metrics are proposed in the assessment of environmental sustainability including the use of exergy. However, attempts to measure the sustainable use of the physical landscape and living biota are more problematic because of the complexity of nature. Nevertheless, there is emerging scientific evidence in support of the idea that there is a strong relationship between vegetation pattern and thermodynamic factors. Furthermore, an examination of land cover type and microclimatic patterns suggest that mature and complex ecosystems have the highest levels of exergy and are better able to dissipate solar radiation. This suggests that more complex, thermodynamically efficient systems are more resilient to environmental change. Science and technology should re-focus efforts towards eco-centric innovation, methods of working towards ideal-seeking systems using principles of thermodynamics. Fundamental to this change is the reform of neo-classical models of economy that embrace principles of ecological economics. The validation of the ecological economics model iss underscored by the primary objective which is to ground economic thinking and practice in the laws of thermodynamics. Success, goals and outcomes should not be exclusively measured in monetary worth but also by using relative valuation and environmental accounting.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Strategic sustainable development : a synthesis towards thermodynamically efficient systems and post-normal complex systems management [texte imprimé] / Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Pierre L. Ibisch, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 184-196.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE  STRATEGIE DE DEVELOPPEMENT  THERMODYNAMIQUE  GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Résumé :	Fundamental issues to do with unsustainable human development and energy management that lead to converging crises such as biodiversity loss or climate change require urgent attention if global society is to progress in a sustained way in the long-term. Measures of thermodynamic efficiency go beyond the obvious relatioship between society and energy resources, to also include the way humans utilize the physical and biological landscape. A number of metrics are proposed in the assessment of environmental sustainability including the use of exergy. However, attempts to measure the sustainable use of the physical landscape and living biota are more problematic because of the complexity of nature. Nevertheless, there is emerging scientific evidence in support of the idea that there is a strong relationship between vegetation pattern and thermodynamic factors. Furthermore, an examination of land cover type and microclimatic patterns suggest that mature and complex ecosystems have the highest levels of exergy and are better able to dissipate solar radiation. This suggests that more complex, thermodynamically efficient systems are more resilient to environmental change. Science and technology should re-focus efforts towards eco-centric innovation, methods of working towards ideal-seeking systems using principles of thermodynamics. Fundamental to this change is the reform of neo-classical models of economy that embrace principles of ecological economics. The validation of the ecological economics model iss underscored by the primary objective which is to ground economic thinking and practice in the laws of thermodynamics. Success, goals and outcomes should not be exclusively measured in monetary worth but also by using relative valuation and environmental accounting.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

Titre :	A view on global patterns and interlinkages of biodiversity : in-depth presentation of material, methods and statistical results
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Martin Schluck, Auteur ; Henning Sommer, Auteur
Importance :	p 197-226
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	RELATION ENTRE DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN ET BIODIVERSITE  ECOSYSTEME
Résumé :	This book sums up analyzed variables, statistical analysis and mapping of the interlinkages between biodiversity,ecosystem, pressures on natural resources and human development. Several different parameters are included and the data used in this deeper analysis are selected from an initial set of 66 variables and derived from different sources. The variables are available as grids or shapes on a relatively high resolution and the others , only available on a country basis.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES

A view on global patterns and interlinkages of biodiversity : in-depth presentation of material, methods and statistical results [texte imprimé] / Peter Hobson, Auteur ; Martin Schluck, Auteur ; Henning Sommer, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 197-226.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Mots-clés :	RELATION ENTRE DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN ET BIODIVERSITE  ECOSYSTEME
Résumé :	This book sums up analyzed variables, statistical analysis and mapping of the interlinkages between biodiversity,ecosystem, pressures on natural resources and human development. Several different parameters are included and the data used in this deeper analysis are selected from an initial set of 66 variables and derived from different sources. The variables are available as grids or shapes on a relatively high resolution and the others , only available on a country basis.
Numéro du document :	AA GVI
Niveau Bibliographique :	5
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	ASPECTS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES