Titre :	Impact of pesticides on farmer health and the rice environment : an overview of results from a multidisciplinary study in the Philippines
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.L. Pingali, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 3-21
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PESTICIDE  SANTE DES ARICULTEURS  RIZIERE  ENVIRONNEMENT  PHILIPPINES
Résumé :	Pesticides continue to be a significant and growing component of modern rice technology and its relative importance has increased despite the availability of alternatives to exclusive chemical pest control such as varietal resistance and integrated pest management (IPM) . This chapter provides an overview of a multidsciplinary scientific effort to identify the incidence and magnitude of on-site and off-site environmental effects of pesticide use. The main idea of this study is that the negative human health impact of pesticides is large and overwhelms their impact on the paddy ecosystem and the environment. Somewhere pesticide use is small in terms of dosages and number of applications and the chemicals used degrade in tropical flooded conditions than in the temperate upland conditions. At the end, this study envisions high rates of return to research on nonchemical pest control methods such as varietal resistance to pest that can be embodied in seeds or the use of enemies and other biological controls.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Impact of pesticides on farmer health and the rice environment : an overview of results from a multidisciplinary study in the Philippines [texte imprimé] / P.L. Pingali, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 3-21.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PESTICIDE  SANTE DES ARICULTEURS  RIZIERE  ENVIRONNEMENT  PHILIPPINES
Résumé :	Pesticides continue to be a significant and growing component of modern rice technology and its relative importance has increased despite the availability of alternatives to exclusive chemical pest control such as varietal resistance and integrated pest management (IPM) . This chapter provides an overview of a multidsciplinary scientific effort to identify the incidence and magnitude of on-site and off-site environmental effects of pesticide use. The main idea of this study is that the negative human health impact of pesticides is large and overwhelms their impact on the paddy ecosystem and the environment. Somewhere pesticide use is small in terms of dosages and number of applications and the chemicals used degrade in tropical flooded conditions than in the temperate upland conditions. At the end, this study envisions high rates of return to research on nonchemical pest control methods such as varietal resistance to pest that can be embodied in seeds or the use of enemies and other biological controls.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Measurement of the impacts of agricultural chemical use : a framework for analysis
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	J.M. Antle, Auteur ; S.M. Capalbo, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 23-57
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PESTICIDE  PRODUIT CHIMIQUE AGRICOLE  ANALYSE CHIMIQUE  EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES
Résumé :	This paper adresses the methodological deficiencies by developing an approach to integrating disciplinary research to quantify and value the impacts of agricultural chemical use. The basic premise of this paper is that economics provide a framework to integrate the disciplinary models and data for policy analysis. Thus, econcomists must play a central role in the organization and interpretation of the physical , biological, health and social science research that is needed to quantify and value the impacts of agricultural use. The framework developed in this paper is useful to address the impacts of specific changes in public policy such as pesticide restrictions and to address more aggregate issues such as agricultural sustainability and dynamic measure of productivity. So 7 things matter in this chapter, the conceptual framework to evaluate the net social benefits of chemical use, then the physical models that can be used to predict the movement of pesticides in the soils, then the modeling health effects, after that the economic production models, then the selected methods for valuation of market and nonmarket effects of agricultural production practices and finally the issues that arise in integrating disciplinary models for addressing sustainability concerns, human health impacts and impacts on the environment.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Measurement of the impacts of agricultural chemical use : a framework for analysis [texte imprimé] / J.M. Antle, Auteur ; S.M. Capalbo, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 23-57.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PESTICIDE  PRODUIT CHIMIQUE AGRICOLE  ANALYSE CHIMIQUE  EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES
Résumé :	This paper adresses the methodological deficiencies by developing an approach to integrating disciplinary research to quantify and value the impacts of agricultural chemical use. The basic premise of this paper is that economics provide a framework to integrate the disciplinary models and data for policy analysis. Thus, econcomists must play a central role in the organization and interpretation of the physical , biological, health and social science research that is needed to quantify and value the impacts of agricultural use. The framework developed in this paper is useful to address the impacts of specific changes in public policy such as pesticide restrictions and to address more aggregate issues such as agricultural sustainability and dynamic measure of productivity. So 7 things matter in this chapter, the conceptual framework to evaluate the net social benefits of chemical use, then the physical models that can be used to predict the movement of pesticides in the soils, then the modeling health effects, after that the economic production models, then the selected methods for valuation of market and nonmarket effects of agricultural production practices and finally the issues that arise in integrating disciplinary models for addressing sustainability concerns, human health impacts and impacts on the environment.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Farmer perceptions, knowledge and pesticides use practices
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	H. Warburton, Auteur ; F.G. Palis, Auteur ; P.L. Pingali, Auteur
Importance :	p 59-95
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES  PRODUIT CHIMIQUE AGRICOLE  RISQUE SANITAIRE  AGRICULTEUR
Résumé :	This chapter describes farmer’s pesticide use, perceptions about health hazards, pesticide management practices and attitudes toward personal protective equipment (ppe). The general objective of this study is to investigate pesticide health effects as percei-ved by rice farmers , laborers and their spouses and how these affect their welfare and decisions on pest control. The aims of this study provide possible answers on how farmers are affected by pesticides or how they perceive pesticide hazards or what they do to avoid pesticide contamination and finally the factors that affect the farmers ‘valuation of pesticide health risk.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Farmer perceptions, knowledge and pesticides use practices [texte imprimé] / H. Warburton, Auteur ; F.G. Palis, Auteur ; P.L. Pingali, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 59-95.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES  PRODUIT CHIMIQUE AGRICOLE  RISQUE SANITAIRE  AGRICULTEUR
Résumé :	This chapter describes farmer’s pesticide use, perceptions about health hazards, pesticide management practices and attitudes toward personal protective equipment (ppe). The general objective of this study is to investigate pesticide health effects as percei-ved by rice farmers , laborers and their spouses and how these affect their welfare and decisions on pest control. The aims of this study provide possible answers on how farmers are affected by pesticides or how they perceive pesticide hazards or what they do to avoid pesticide contamination and finally the factors that affect the farmers ‘valuation of pesticide health risk.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Misuse of pesticides among rice farmers in Leyte, Philippines
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K.L. Heong, Auteur ; M.M. Escalada, Auteur ; A.A. Lazaro, Auteur
Importance :	p 97-108
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PHILIPPINES  UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES  DECOMPOSITION MICROBIOLOGIQUE  ETUDE DES EFFETS CHIMIQUES  RIZIERE
Résumé :	In Philippines, especially in Leyte, the misuse of pesticides among rice farmers is inevitable and the farmers tend to spray pesticides to keep pests off their rice crops rather than to prevent yield loss. Suc attitudes lead to pesticide misuse so the authors try to analyze the types of chemicals farmers used during the wet season, the pest targets and the timing of sprays to assess misuse to improve current practices.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Misuse of pesticides among rice farmers in Leyte, Philippines [texte imprimé] / K.L. Heong, Auteur ; M.M. Escalada, Auteur ; A.A. Lazaro, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 97-108.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PHILIPPINES  UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES  DECOMPOSITION MICROBIOLOGIQUE  ETUDE DES EFFETS CHIMIQUES  RIZIERE
Résumé :	In Philippines, especially in Leyte, the misuse of pesticides among rice farmers is inevitable and the farmers tend to spray pesticides to keep pests off their rice crops rather than to prevent yield loss. Suc attitudes lead to pesticide misuse so the authors try to analyze the types of chemicals farmers used during the wet season, the pest targets and the timing of sprays to assess misuse to improve current practices.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Behavior of pesticides in rice-based agroecosystems : a review
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.A. Roger, Auteur ; S.I. Bhuiyan, Auteur
Importance :	p 111-148
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SYSTEME AGRICOLE  RIZ  EFFET DES PESTICIDES  PRODUIT CHIMIQUE  DECOMPOSITION MICROBIOLOGIQUE
Résumé :	Emphasis on agricultural production using modern techniques has focused attention on the problem of yield losses due to pests and the need for adequate protection of the crop. Pesticide application is the most practiced method of pest control in rice-based cropping systems. Because of their toxic nature there is a general concern with the potential hazards of pesticides to humans and the environment. The fate of pesticides applied in agricultural ecosystems is governed by the transfer and degradation processes and their interactions . Transfer is a physical process in which the pesticide molecules remain intact. Growing evidence indicates that pesticides are present in food grown on the land in surface and subsurface bodies of water and in atmosphere. Research has established the toxic effects of some pesticides on fish and other aquatic animals, on birds and other wildlife and on human health. Thus this paper reviews the information on the fate of pesticides in rice-based agroecosystems with emphasis on wetland soils.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Behavior of pesticides in rice-based agroecosystems : a review [texte imprimé] / P.A. Roger, Auteur ; S.I. Bhuiyan, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 111-148.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SYSTEME AGRICOLE  RIZ  EFFET DES PESTICIDES  PRODUIT CHIMIQUE  DECOMPOSITION MICROBIOLOGIQUE
Résumé :	Emphasis on agricultural production using modern techniques has focused attention on the problem of yield losses due to pests and the need for adequate protection of the crop. Pesticide application is the most practiced method of pest control in rice-based cropping systems. Because of their toxic nature there is a general concern with the potential hazards of pesticides to humans and the environment. The fate of pesticides applied in agricultural ecosystems is governed by the transfer and degradation processes and their interactions . Transfer is a physical process in which the pesticide molecules remain intact. Growing evidence indicates that pesticides are present in food grown on the land in surface and subsurface bodies of water and in atmosphere. Research has established the toxic effects of some pesticides on fish and other aquatic animals, on birds and other wildlife and on human health. Thus this paper reviews the information on the fate of pesticides in rice-based agroecosystems with emphasis on wetland soils.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Assessment of the environmental impact of pesticides in paddy rice production
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A.W. Tejada, Auteur ; L.M. Varca, Auteur ; S.M.F. Calumpang, Auteur
Importance :	p 149-180
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	RIZ  PADDY  UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES  EVALUATION DES IMPACTS DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES
Résumé :	Pesticides are biocides and their utility lies in their ability to kill noxious or unwanted organisms but they are selective. Most pesticides act by interfering with fundamental biochemical and physiological processes that are common to a wide range of pests and nontarget organisms. Assessing the hazards of pesticide use relies on a balance of evidence accumulated thriugh different lines of inquiry. Thresholds are set and codes of safe practice established on the basis of biochemical studies, toxicity test on a lilited number of organisms and field monitoring. Pesticide use in rice production has been suspected of being a major contributor to environmental pollution and farmers often spray hazardous insecticides five times in a cropping season when two applications may be sufficient . So this chapter reports the results of part of a multidisciplinary investigation to assess the environmental and health impacts of pesticides in ricefield ecosystems in the Laguna province of the Philippines, then addresses the on- and off-paddy effects of pesticides on rice plants, soil, paddy water , ricefield flora and fauna, groundwater and well water.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Assessment of the environmental impact of pesticides in paddy rice production [texte imprimé] / A.W. Tejada, Auteur ; L.M. Varca, Auteur ; S.M.F. Calumpang, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 149-180.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	RIZ  PADDY  UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES  EVALUATION DES IMPACTS DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES
Résumé :	Pesticides are biocides and their utility lies in their ability to kill noxious or unwanted organisms but they are selective. Most pesticides act by interfering with fundamental biochemical and physiological processes that are common to a wide range of pests and nontarget organisms. Assessing the hazards of pesticide use relies on a balance of evidence accumulated thriugh different lines of inquiry. Thresholds are set and codes of safe practice established on the basis of biochemical studies, toxicity test on a lilited number of organisms and field monitoring. Pesticide use in rice production has been suspected of being a major contributor to environmental pollution and farmers often spray hazardous insecticides five times in a cropping season when two applications may be sufficient . So this chapter reports the results of part of a multidisciplinary investigation to assess the environmental and health impacts of pesticides in ricefield ecosystems in the Laguna province of the Philippines, then addresses the on- and off-paddy effects of pesticides on rice plants, soil, paddy water , ricefield flora and fauna, groundwater and well water.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	The impact of ricefield pesticides on the quality of freshwater resources
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	S.I. Bhuiyan, Auteur ; A.R. Castaneda, Auteur
Importance :	p 181-202
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	EAU DE SOURCE  RIZIERE  ETUDE D'IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
Résumé :	There have been increasing concerns about the possible contamination of freshwater resources by residues of agrochemicals used on agricultural lands. These concerns stem from the awareness that maintaining the quality of the natural resource base is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity as well as social progress and very little is known about how pesticides used in intensive irrigated rice culture systems affect the quality of freshwater resources that receive the excess water from these systems.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

The impact of ricefield pesticides on the quality of freshwater resources [texte imprimé] / S.I. Bhuiyan, Auteur ; A.R. Castaneda, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 181-202.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	EAU DE SOURCE  RIZIERE  ETUDE D'IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
Résumé :	There have been increasing concerns about the possible contamination of freshwater resources by residues of agrochemicals used on agricultural lands. These concerns stem from the awareness that maintaining the quality of the natural resource base is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity as well as social progress and very little is known about how pesticides used in intensive irrigated rice culture systems affect the quality of freshwater resources that receive the excess water from these systems.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	The impact of pesticides on ricefield vertebrates with emphasis on fish
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A.G. Cagauan, Auteur
Importance :	p 203-248
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  VERTEBRES  RIZIERES  UTILISATION DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES  TOXICITE
Résumé :	In asian countries, production of fish on rice farms is considered by policymakers as a viable option for sustainining food production in lowland areas, augmenting farm income and improving the quality of food available to asian farm households. Rice-fish farming systems hence represent an ideal practice for more efficient utilization of agricultural resources in lowland rice areas. The use of pesticides has been reported to have caused a decline in the practice of rice-fish culture in some parts of the Central Thailand. In the Philippines, some farmers reported detrimental effects of pesticides to fish, but no data is available to substantiate such claims. While potentials include good financial incentives, constraints range from lack of inputs and demand for fish to heavy use of agrochemicals especially pesticides. Among the asian countries reviewed, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines are reported to heavy users of agricultural pesticides. The two main constraints to increased productivity in irrigated rice-fish farming systems however, are water control and pesticide use, the latter is considered as the more serious constraint because it can be justified in areas where potential rice yields are also high. Since fish must adapt to management practices for rice, information on toxicity, degradation and residues of pesticides in fish are imperative for the development of a better symbiotic relationship between rice and fish in an integrated farming system.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

The impact of pesticides on ricefield vertebrates with emphasis on fish [texte imprimé] / A.G. Cagauan, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p 203-248.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  VERTEBRES  RIZIERES  UTILISATION DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES  TOXICITE
Résumé :	In asian countries, production of fish on rice farms is considered by policymakers as a viable option for sustainining food production in lowland areas, augmenting farm income and improving the quality of food available to asian farm households. Rice-fish farming systems hence represent an ideal practice for more efficient utilization of agricultural resources in lowland rice areas. The use of pesticides has been reported to have caused a decline in the practice of rice-fish culture in some parts of the Central Thailand. In the Philippines, some farmers reported detrimental effects of pesticides to fish, but no data is available to substantiate such claims. While potentials include good financial incentives, constraints range from lack of inputs and demand for fish to heavy use of agrochemicals especially pesticides. Among the asian countries reviewed, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines are reported to heavy users of agricultural pesticides. The two main constraints to increased productivity in irrigated rice-fish farming systems however, are water control and pesticide use, the latter is considered as the more serious constraint because it can be justified in areas where potential rice yields are also high. Since fish must adapt to management practices for rice, information on toxicity, degradation and residues of pesticides in fish are imperative for the development of a better symbiotic relationship between rice and fish in an integrated farming system.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	The impact of pesticides on nontarget aquatic invertebrates in Wetland ricefields : a review
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	I.C. Simpson, Auteur ; P.A. Roger, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 249-270
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  INVERTEBRES AQUATIQUES  RIZIERE  ROLE DES INVERTEBRES
Résumé :	Aquatic invertebrates that inhabit the soil-floodwater ecosystem of wetland ricefields are considered important as nutrient recyclers, rice pests, biological control agents, food items and vectors of human and animal diseases. The functionality of this aquatic community depends on the relative and absolute population densities of the various groups and their activity rates. The widespread introduction of chemical pesticides to control rice pests has increased grain yields, however , because pesticides are often unspecific, they have the potential to modify the soil-floodwater communities of wetland ricefields. It is important to understand and predict how pesticide use affects the ecology of the ecosystem and to consider the implication of these changes for rice production and rice-producing environments.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

The impact of pesticides on nontarget aquatic invertebrates in Wetland ricefields : a review [texte imprimé] / I.C. Simpson, Auteur ; P.A. Roger, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 249-270.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  INVERTEBRES AQUATIQUES  RIZIERE  ROLE DES INVERTEBRES
Résumé :	Aquatic invertebrates that inhabit the soil-floodwater ecosystem of wetland ricefields are considered important as nutrient recyclers, rice pests, biological control agents, food items and vectors of human and animal diseases. The functionality of this aquatic community depends on the relative and absolute population densities of the various groups and their activity rates. The widespread introduction of chemical pesticides to control rice pests has increased grain yields, however , because pesticides are often unspecific, they have the potential to modify the soil-floodwater communities of wetland ricefields. It is important to understand and predict how pesticide use affects the ecology of the ecosystem and to consider the implication of these changes for rice production and rice-producing environments.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	The impact of pesticides on ricefield microflora : an analytical review of the literature
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.A. Roger, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 271-308
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TOXICITE DES PESTICIDES  RIZIERE  IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  MICROORGANISME NONPHOTOSYNTHETIQUE
Résumé :	The first part of this review summarizes the methodological aspects of the study of pesticide impacts on wetland soil microflora and places emphasis on the limitations of in vitro and small-scale experiments that have been the most frequent approach for such studies and the factors that affect pesticide impact on ricefield microflora. The second part presents the analysis of quantitative data collected in 210 references originating from a larger database on microbiological aspects of pesticide use in ricefields.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

The impact of pesticides on ricefield microflora : an analytical review of the literature [texte imprimé] / P.A. Roger, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 271-308.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TOXICITE DES PESTICIDES  RIZIERE  IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  MICROORGANISME NONPHOTOSYNTHETIQUE
Résumé :	The first part of this review summarizes the methodological aspects of the study of pesticide impacts on wetland soil microflora and places emphasis on the limitations of in vitro and small-scale experiments that have been the most frequent approach for such studies and the factors that affect pesticide impact on ricefield microflora. The second part presents the analysis of quantitative data collected in 210 references originating from a larger database on microbiological aspects of pesticide use in ricefields.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	An experimental assessment of pesticide impacts on soil and water fauna and microflora in Wetland ricefields of the Philippines
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.A. Roger, Auteur ; I.C. Simpson, Auteur ; B. Oficial, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 309-339
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PHILIPPINES  PESTICIDE  SOL HUMIDE  MICROFLORE DES RIZIERES
Résumé :	This paper summarizes data on pesticide impacts originating from controlled experiments and farmers fields survey conducted in the Philippines to assess the effects of agrochemicals on microflora and invertebrates in wetland rice environments. The first set of experiments studied the combined effects of pesticides and fertilizer in an experimental design of 64 plots in the IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) farm.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

An experimental assessment of pesticide impacts on soil and water fauna and microflora in Wetland ricefields of the Philippines [texte imprimé] / P.A. Roger, Auteur ; I.C. Simpson, Auteur ; B. Oficial, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 309-339.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PHILIPPINES  PESTICIDE  SOL HUMIDE  MICROFLORE DES RIZIERES
Résumé :	This paper summarizes data on pesticide impacts originating from controlled experiments and farmers fields survey conducted in the Philippines to assess the effects of agrochemicals on microflora and invertebrates in wetland rice environments. The first set of experiments studied the combined effects of pesticides and fertilizer in an experimental design of 64 plots in the IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) farm.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	The impact of pesticides on farmer health : a medical and economic analysis in the Philippines
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.L. Pingali, Auteur ; C.B. Marquez, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 343-360
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  SANTE DES AGRICULTEURS  PHILIPPINES  ANALYSE ECONOMIQUE
Résumé :	Prolonged exposure to pesticides can lead to cardiopulmonary disorders, neurological and hermatological symptoms and skin disease. These symptoms can lower productivity because of the farmers absence from work during treatment and recuperation and impaired capacity to work. Farmers who don’t know about the harmful effects of pesticides sometimes overvalue their benefits and use them beyond the private and social optimum levels. In this unique study, an economist and a medical doctor assessed the impact of a prolonged pesticide use on farmer health. The study objectives wete to identify the types of health impairments caused by long-term pesticide use and to quantify the impairment relative to the level of pesticide use. Detailed medical examinations showed that pesticide users exhibited symptoms of longterm exposure to hazardous chemicals. Econometric analysis showed that the magnitude of chronic health costs were related to pesticide exposure. When health effects were accounted for, the net benefits of insecticide use were negative.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

The impact of pesticides on farmer health : a medical and economic analysis in the Philippines [texte imprimé] / P.L. Pingali, Auteur ; C.B. Marquez, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 343-360.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	IMPACT DES PESTICIDES  SANTE DES AGRICULTEURS  PHILIPPINES  ANALYSE ECONOMIQUE
Résumé :	Prolonged exposure to pesticides can lead to cardiopulmonary disorders, neurological and hermatological symptoms and skin disease. These symptoms can lower productivity because of the farmers absence from work during treatment and recuperation and impaired capacity to work. Farmers who don’t know about the harmful effects of pesticides sometimes overvalue their benefits and use them beyond the private and social optimum levels. In this unique study, an economist and a medical doctor assessed the impact of a prolonged pesticide use on farmer health. The study objectives wete to identify the types of health impairments caused by long-term pesticide use and to quantify the impairment relative to the level of pesticide use. Detailed medical examinations showed that pesticide users exhibited symptoms of longterm exposure to hazardous chemicals. Econometric analysis showed that the magnitude of chronic health costs were related to pesticide exposure. When health effects were accounted for, the net benefits of insecticide use were negative.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Pesticides, productivity and farmer health : a Philippine case study
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	J.M. Antle, Auteur ; P.L. Pingali, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Présentation :	p 361-387
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MALADIE ISSUE DES PESTICIDES  AGRICULTEUR  PHILIPPINES  IMPACT DES PESTICIDES
Résumé :	The most important components of the human capital of rural people in developing countries is health so there is a growing body of literature showing the productivity effects of health associated with nutrition. So this paper presents an approach that integrates aspects of the health and education literatures to study the farm productivity effects and the health effects associated with on-farm pesticide use. This approach was implemented in a unique study of rice production and farmer health in two regions of the Philippines. Production data from a farm – level survey were integrated with health data collected from the same population of farmers to measure the impacts of pesticide use on farmer health and the impacts of farmer health on productivity. These relationships were then used in a simulation analysis to investigate the health and productivity tradeoffs implied by a policy to restrict pesticide use. The study focuses on two aspects of pesticide productivity : the conventional , direct effect of pesticides used as a production input to control pests and an indirect human health effect, operating through the chronic effects that pesticide exposure has on farmer’s health and the effects that farmer’shas on farm productivity. The empirical approach deveveloped in this paper is based on a three-step procedure : the first one involves the construction of a variable measuring health impairment, based on data generated by clinical examinations of a subset of farmers in the production survey. The second step of the analysis is to include the estimated health impairment variable as an explanatory variable in a cost function to estimate the productivity of pesticides and the productivity effects of health impairment. The last one is to use the results from the first two steps in a policy simulation in which the production and health relationships that were estimated are simulated.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Pesticides, productivity and farmer health : a Philippine case study [texte imprimé] / J.M. Antle, Auteur ; P.L. Pingali, Auteur . - 1995 . -  : p 361-387.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MALADIE ISSUE DES PESTICIDES  AGRICULTEUR  PHILIPPINES  IMPACT DES PESTICIDES
Résumé :	The most important components of the human capital of rural people in developing countries is health so there is a growing body of literature showing the productivity effects of health associated with nutrition. So this paper presents an approach that integrates aspects of the health and education literatures to study the farm productivity effects and the health effects associated with on-farm pesticide use. This approach was implemented in a unique study of rice production and farmer health in two regions of the Philippines. Production data from a farm – level survey were integrated with health data collected from the same population of farmers to measure the impacts of pesticide use on farmer health and the impacts of farmer health on productivity. These relationships were then used in a simulation analysis to investigate the health and productivity tradeoffs implied by a policy to restrict pesticide use. The study focuses on two aspects of pesticide productivity : the conventional , direct effect of pesticides used as a production input to control pests and an indirect human health effect, operating through the chronic effects that pesticide exposure has on farmer’s health and the effects that farmer’shas on farm productivity. The empirical approach deveveloped in this paper is based on a three-step procedure : the first one involves the construction of a variable measuring health impairment, based on data generated by clinical examinations of a subset of farmers in the production survey. The second step of the analysis is to include the estimated health impairment variable as an explanatory variable in a cost function to estimate the productivity of pesticides and the productivity effects of health impairment. The last one is to use the results from the first two steps in a policy simulation in which the production and health relationships that were estimated are simulated.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Titre :	Public regulatory roles in developing markets : the case of pesticides
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.L. Pingali, Auteur ; A.C. Rola, Auteur
Année de publication :	1995
Importance :	p 391-409
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PESTICIDE  MARCHE DES PESTICIDES  REGULARISATION  MECANISME DES MARCHES  UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES
Résumé :	In developing markets, the public regulation of input or product markets is warranted when one or more of the following market imperfections exist : one is the use of the product creates negative externalities, two is when the end-users face serious occupational hazards and three is when product quality is variable since standards are hard to enforce and four is when information about product efficacy is less than perfect and the last part is questions about ethics in marketing and trade arise since producers-exporters are more knowledgeable on each of the above issues than the importers-end-users. Discussions on pesticide regulation in developing countries center around three broad sets of questions whether poor countries divert resources towards environmental protection or if countries face a tradeoff between productivity growth and environmental protection and if developed country regulatory policies are appropriate for and transferable to developing countries.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

Public regulatory roles in developing markets : the case of pesticides [texte imprimé] / P.L. Pingali, Auteur ; A.C. Rola, Auteur . - 1995 . - p 391-409.
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	PESTICIDE  MARCHE DES PESTICIDES  REGULARISATION  MECANISME DES MARCHES  UTILISATION DES PESTICIDES
Résumé :	In developing markets, the public regulation of input or product markets is warranted when one or more of the following market imperfections exist : one is the use of the product creates negative externalities, two is when the end-users face serious occupational hazards and three is when product quality is variable since standards are hard to enforce and four is when information about product efficacy is less than perfect and the last part is questions about ethics in marketing and trade arise since producers-exporters are more knowledgeable on each of the above issues than the importers-end-users. Discussions on pesticide regulation in developing countries center around three broad sets of questions whether poor countries divert resources towards environmental protection or if countries face a tradeoff between productivity growth and environmental protection and if developed country regulatory policies are appropriate for and transferable to developing countries.
Numéro du document :	A 6290/H00 366
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX-CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES