Determinants of terrestrial feeding in an arboreal primate: The case of the southern bamboo lemur (Hapalemur meridionalis) / Timothy M. Eppley  

Public ISBD Titre : Determinants of terrestrial feeding in an arboreal primate: The case of the southern bamboo lemur (Hapalemur meridionalis) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Timothy M. Eppley, Auteur ; Giuseppe Donati, Auteur ; Jörg U. Ganzhorn, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : ANTIPREDATOR  ECOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY,  MADAGASCAR  NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY,  TERRESTRIALITY Résumé : The proximate and ultimate determinants that may have prompted some primates to shift from an arboreal to terrestrial feeding niche, whether due to environmental change, seasonality, and/or predation pressure, are poorly understood. Within a fragmented littoral forest in southeast Madagascar, an arboreal strepsirrhine population spends a large proportion of time on the ground, thus we aimed to identify which factors influence terrestrial feeding. From January to December 2013, we conducted 103 full-day focal follows on three social groups of southern bamboo lemurs H. meridionalis. We continuously recorded feeding time on all arboreal and terrestrial items, as well as whether the focal individual was under the canopy or exposed, and the distance to their nearest conspecific neighbor. All observed food items were collected and analyzed for macronutrient content. Daily climatic variables (temperature, precipitation), resource seasonality, daily path length (DPL), along with dietary and predation risk proxies, were used as fixed effects in a linear mixed model, with the daily proportion of terrestrial feeding as the dependent variable. Our model indicated that daily terrestrial feeding increased at cooler temperature, was associated with reduced DPL, and the intake of dietary metabolizable energy increased as terrestrial feeding increased. All other fixed effects were not significant predictors. Our study provides a window into the ultimate determinants of niche expansion: ancestral primates, in absence of their primary resources, may have initially descended to the ground in peripheral population range areas where the benefits (e g., nutritional pay-off) out-weighed the costs. Titre du périodique : American Journal of Physical Anthropology Volume : 161 (2): 328-342 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23034 Determinants of terrestrial feeding in an arboreal primate: The case of the southern bamboo lemur (Hapalemur meridionalis) [texte imprimé] / Timothy M. Eppley, Auteur ; Giuseppe Donati, Auteur ; Jörg U. Ganzhorn, Auteur . - 2016. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Biologie, Ecologie, Densité Mots-clés : ANTIPREDATOR  ECOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY,  MADAGASCAR  NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY,  TERRESTRIALITY Résumé : The proximate and ultimate determinants that may have prompted some primates to shift from an arboreal to terrestrial feeding niche, whether due to environmental change, seasonality, and/or predation pressure, are poorly understood. Within a fragmented littoral forest in southeast Madagascar, an arboreal strepsirrhine population spends a large proportion of time on the ground, thus we aimed to identify which factors influence terrestrial feeding. From January to December 2013, we conducted 103 full-day focal follows on three social groups of southern bamboo lemurs H. meridionalis. We continuously recorded feeding time on all arboreal and terrestrial items, as well as whether the focal individual was under the canopy or exposed, and the distance to their nearest conspecific neighbor. All observed food items were collected and analyzed for macronutrient content. Daily climatic variables (temperature, precipitation), resource seasonality, daily path length (DPL), along with dietary and predation risk proxies, were used as fixed effects in a linear mixed model, with the daily proportion of terrestrial feeding as the dependent variable. Our model indicated that daily terrestrial feeding increased at cooler temperature, was associated with reduced DPL, and the intake of dietary metabolizable energy increased as terrestrial feeding increased. All other fixed effects were not significant predictors. Our study provides a window into the ultimate determinants of niche expansion: ancestral primates, in absence of their primary resources, may have initially descended to the ground in peripheral population range areas where the benefits (e g., nutritional pay-off) out-weighed the costs. Titre du périodique : American Journal of Physical Anthropology Volume : 161 (2): 328-342 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23034

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Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large-bodied diurnal lemur species / Timothy M. Eppley  

Public ISBD Titre : Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large-bodied diurnal lemur species Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Timothy M. Eppley, Auteur ; Luca Santini, Auteur ; Jen C. Tinsman, Auteur ; Giuseppe Donati, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Fragmentation, Habitat Mots-clés : HABITAT FRAGMENTATION  INDRIIDAE  LEMURIDAE,  MADAGASCAR,  SPECIES DISTRIBUTION Résumé : Primates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to fragmentation, we also aimed to estimate the role of functional traits in mitigating their response. We collated data from 32 large-bodied lemur species ranges, consisting of species from the families Lemuridae (five genera) and Indriidae (two genera). We fitted Generalized Linear Models to determine the role of habitat fragmentation characteristics, for example, forest cover, patch size, edge density, and landscape configuration, as well as the protected area (PA) network, on the species relative probability of presence. We then assessed how the influence of functional traits (dietary guild, home range size) mitigate the response of species to these habitat metrics. Habitat area had a strong positive effect for many species, and there were significantly negative effects of fragmentation on the distribution of many lemur species. In addition, there was a positive influence of PAs on many lemur species’ distribution. Functional trait classifications showed that lemurs of all dietary guilds are negatively affected by fragmentation; however, folivore-frugivores show greater flexibility/variability in terms of habitat area and landscape complexity compared to nearly exclusive folivores and frugivores. Furthermore, species of all home range sizes showed a negative response to fragmentation, while habitat area had an increasingly positive effect as home range increased in size. Overall, the general trends for the majority of lemur species are dire and point to the need for immediate actions on a multitude of fronts, most importantly landscape-level reforestation efforts. Titre du périodique : American Journal of Primatology Volume : 82 (4) En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23104 Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large-bodied diurnal lemur species [texte imprimé] / Timothy M. Eppley, Auteur ; Luca Santini, Auteur ; Jen C. Tinsman, Auteur ; Giuseppe Donati, Auteur . - 2020. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : LEMURIENS LEMURIENS:Fragmentation, Habitat Mots-clés : HABITAT FRAGMENTATION  INDRIIDAE  LEMURIDAE,  MADAGASCAR,  SPECIES DISTRIBUTION Résumé : Primates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to fragmentation, we also aimed to estimate the role of functional traits in mitigating their response. We collated data from 32 large-bodied lemur species ranges, consisting of species from the families Lemuridae (five genera) and Indriidae (two genera). We fitted Generalized Linear Models to determine the role of habitat fragmentation characteristics, for example, forest cover, patch size, edge density, and landscape configuration, as well as the protected area (PA) network, on the species relative probability of presence. We then assessed how the influence of functional traits (dietary guild, home range size) mitigate the response of species to these habitat metrics. Habitat area had a strong positive effect for many species, and there were significantly negative effects of fragmentation on the distribution of many lemur species. In addition, there was a positive influence of PAs on many lemur species’ distribution. Functional trait classifications showed that lemurs of all dietary guilds are negatively affected by fragmentation; however, folivore-frugivores show greater flexibility/variability in terms of habitat area and landscape complexity compared to nearly exclusive folivores and frugivores. Furthermore, species of all home range sizes showed a negative response to fragmentation, while habitat area had an increasingly positive effect as home range increased in size. Overall, the general trends for the majority of lemur species are dire and point to the need for immediate actions on a multitude of fronts, most importantly landscape-level reforestation efforts. Titre du périodique : American Journal of Primatology Volume : 82 (4) En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23104

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