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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Agricultural extension in Botswana : growing a hybrid over decades of selective experience
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	F.M. Tiadi-Sekgwama, Auteur ; N.M. Tselaesele, Auteur
Editeur :	Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 04-11
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE BOTSWANA
Résumé :	The study reviewed agricultural extension in Botswana to assess its growth and achievements in ensuring good delivery since 1935 when formal structures of agricultural extension were beginning to establish. The objectives were to identify the strategies that have been used over time and to determine the merits and demerits associated with the strategies, then identify the challenges of the extension system and to determine the extend of use of the lessons from historical approaches in maintaining good service by the present extension system, finally to make recommendations for further improvement of extension service delivery. Published and unpublished secondary sources revealed several restructuring programs undergone by agricultural extension and up to 06 different extension approaches each time a new one was introduced. Aspects of challenges to effective extension delivery in Botsawana : administrative or management, staff training, physical, farmer and general have persisted through out the 65-year evolution of Botswana's agricultural extension service. Human resource management reforms such as job analysis, supportive supervisory interpersonal relationships, organizational development and work life improvement are discussed and recommended for further improvement of agricultural extension in Botswana.
Numéro du document :	AA 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	An evaluation of factors that hinder subsistence farmers from diverting to profitable farming in Botswana : a lesson for extension officers
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K. Modibo, Auteur ; G.P. Nthoiva, Auteur ; N.M. Tselaesele, Auteur
Editeur :	Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 12-14
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	BOTSWANA EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE FARMING
Résumé :	The governement of Botswana has over the years providesd support programmes to farmers to subsidize agricultural inputs in order to raise the level of profitability. Despite the wide range of Agriculture support there has been very little improvement in traditional agricultural sector. The objective of the study is to identify the factors that hinder traditional farmers from tranforming to profitable farming. The results show that most of the farmers did not adopt some specific types of innovation like row planting, use of fertilizers, use of improved crop varieties, crop rotation and pest control techniques. The reasons for not adopting such innovations included most importantly because extension agents don't know whom they are serving.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Use of mechanized technology in conservation agriculture : the case of Kotsonkoaneng farmers in Butha-Buthe district, Lesotho
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	R. Nchee, Auteur ; R. Khoalenyane, Auteur ; M. Morahanye, Auteur
Editeur :	Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 15-17
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AGRICULTURE LESOTHO TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	The state of Lesotho's agricultural economy is currently in shambles and requires a transition to sustainable development. The authors consider the change of mindset of different stakeholders in rural areas as well as adaptation of new technologies such as conservation agriculture (CA) as an important mechanism for the transition to sustainable agriculture. On the basis of case example in Kotsonkoaneng, the study demonstrated how changing of the mindset and the acceptance of improved farming practices can increase yields and protect the environment. Bridging the gap between research and extension with respect to CA demonstrations, field days and farmer trainings were held.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Harmonization of methods and strategies in extension delivery system in Malawi
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C. Chowa, Auteur
Editeur :	Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 18-25
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE MALAWI STRATEGIE DE DEVELOPPEMENT AGRICOLE
Résumé :	Smallholder farmers producing both cash and food crops are important drivers of the agriculture sector in Malawi. Group approach is used to increase farmer's coverage with agricultural extension messages. Variety in the methods used to disseminate information and messages on agricultural technologies provide wide choices amongst extension workers and their clientele. On farm harmonized demonstrations, field days, radio, simple publications and the mobile van are some of the methods that have proved effective in promoting some technologies. Farming clusters and Lead farmers are innovative strategies used in farmer mobilization to adopt innovatives technologies for agricultural enterprises of their choices. The objective is to promote adoption of agricultural technologies and farmer innovation in order to increase productivity and production so as to meet household or market requirements. The strategy uses the village as an entry point as well as organizing, planning and implementation base for all interventions. Operating within the decentralization system, agriculture committees ensure that agricultural development agenda is prioritizd in overall devlopment agenda. The harmonization framework provides guidance to ensure inclusion of all agricultural extension service providers from public, private and civil society organizations. Farmers are more empowered and organized to mobilize resources to undertake different agricultural enterprises. Peer learning through farming clusters and Lead farmers has resulted in increased adoption of technologies that meet their agricultural production requirement. Mobilizing farmers in farming clusters and mounting of harmonized demonstrations and field days has helped to increase adopting of productivity and production by farmers.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	An overview of public extension services in Mozambique
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A. Alage, Auteur ; I.T. Nhancale, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 26-35
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MOZAMBIQUE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE TRANSFERT DE TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	The public extension service in Mozambique was created in 1987 as one of the four national directorates of the Ministry of Agriculture. The 16 years of destabilization war made it difficult to establish and operate extension networks in most part of the country. The peace agreement signed in 1992 permitted a quite number of international donors to support agriculture sector including the public extension services . As a result, a five year extension master plan was prepared and implemented at aiming and strengthening research-extension linkages, multiple extension service delivery systems , social inclusion and quality staff at different levels.The current extension master plan aims at consolidating the previous Extension Master Plan (EMP) and advocates more participatory extension approaches. The EMP focus in two approaches : adoption of Unified Extension Services (SUE) encompassing crop production , livestock and natural resource management , then development of an integrated National Agricultural Extension System (SISNE) with functional partnerships between public and private extension services including the outsourcing . Furthermore, the EMP emphasis on strengthening linkages among the key agricultural stakeholders such as research, educatio, agricultural input and equipement , marketing and financial institutions, therefore, focusing on supply-side development, demand-side development and agricultural services provision objectives. Main beneficiaries of public extension services , the small holder farmers, organised in groups of interest, associations and cooperatives , experience production of surplus , from 1t/ha of grain maize to about 3t/ha as a result of technical assistance provided by the field extension officers.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Agricultural extension service delivery in the semi-arid regions of Mozambique - a case study of the Mabote district
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P.S.M. Tomo, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 36-46
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TERRE SECHE ARIDITE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE PLUVIALE MOZAMBIQUE
Résumé :	This paper focus on drought vulnerability reduction activities that are being promoted by the governement of Mozambique in the semi-arid districtof Mabote. Rain water harvesting promoters and improved barn artisans were trained and equipped in Mabote district based on its Multiple Use Resource Centre (CERUM). For 2010, conclusion of 105 improved barns is under way, along with more than 100 on-farm rain water harvesting demonstration plots already established. Even furrows plots yielded much higher than traditional plots for all crops. A sililar trend was followed by the plantation holes technology at the CERUM plot. Whereas even furrows were considered labour intensive, plantation holes were considered less labor intensive by the beneficiaries. Increased productivity and bigger maize spikes, fuller and heavier millet spikes and higher number and fuller groundnut pods were considered benefit by farmers. On farm field days during planting seasons and demonstration sessions were key linkage instruments between researchers , extension officers and farmers along with the training of artisans and promoters , actively involved in the delivery of the field days and demonstration sessions. Land tenure insecurity tended to impact negatively on investment in improved furrows . Similarly, lack of awareness of district authorities on the benefits of the improved technologies was acknowledged an important constraint that was eased through development of demonstration trials. The extension services aimed primarily at solving the farmer’s most important needs, worked with the beneficiaries in their socio-economic reality, teaching them to be self-sufficient in farming better on their own efforts and resources. It can be concluded that extension activities to reduce drought vulnerability in Mabote district are in good track.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/ F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Government intervention programmes through extension to improve agricultural research and extension services in communal areas of Namibia : a review
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	B. Thomas ; L.M. Lucas ; M.M. Hangula
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 47-55
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	NAMIBIE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE RECHERCHE AGRICOLE DEVELOPPEMENT AGRICOLE
Résumé :	Agricultural development lies at the heart of income generation, poverty reduction and food security of most developing countries including Namibia. The namibian agricultural sector has a dual system comprising a well developed, capital intensive and export oriented commercial sub-sector and a subsistence-based communal farming sub-sector, low in technology and external inputs and highly labour intensive. Agriculture supports about 70 percent of the country’s population, however , the capacity of a farming system to adapt to changing weather and climate conditions is based on its natural resource endowment and associated economic, social, technology and political conditions. The paper discussed the theoretical framework for the interface between research and extension. The aim of this study is to assess agricultural research and extension activities in Namibia that aim at improving rural households’ livelihood in the globally-changing environment. The presentation will be illustrated by many examples from the realms of crop and livestock production including seed multiplication, soil fertility, conservation tillage, animal draft power and livestock improvement schemes. The study found sufficient evidence that some research-extension strategies being employed are relatively successful. The main challenge remains to strength national agricultural resaerch system with an appropriate institutional and coordinating structure, focusing on decentralised adaptive research and on farm trials.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	The importance of veterinary extension in disease outbreaks in reference to a rift valley fever (RVF) outbreak in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	D.R. Sibanda, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 56-61
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE AFRIQUE DU SUD VETERINAIRE
Résumé :	Disease eradication campaigns in rural Africa need dedicated veterinary teams to be a success. A significant amount of money and time should be spent on extension so that the prevention and eradication systems succeed. Veterinary extension refers to the transfer of animal disease information to communities or a group of individuals using different methods . In 2008, a small village called Libangeni in rural Mpumalanga experienced an outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) where several deaths of kids were recorded . This was a rare disease in the community and a lot of information was needed. The main goal was to stop the disease from spreading and to avoid human cases. Liaison with the local department of health was done. An area of a radius of 10kms was targeted . Using the Sender, message, channel, an extension plan was drafted. The message included the typical signs of RVF in animals , the zoonotic potential and recognising signs and symptoms in humans and finally the prevention methods. Channels used included the local radio that broadcasted in the local language, pamphlets and posters were distributed to mainly schools, shopping malls, bars and clinics. Information meetings were arranged by the local dip tank communities. Vaccines were then provided by the State. The vaccination campaign resulted in 92% of the cattle herd, 89% of goats and sheep herds being vaccinated in the specific area targeted. There was also the response from the department of health informing people to protect themselves from mosquitoes with all the areas around the water holding facilities being sprayed. Dealing with the aged and less literate in rural area needs a lot of consideration and planning in advance. Understanding the history and culture of the community helps in the success of veterinary extensions. The success of the vaccination campaign and the response from other stake holders could be attributed to the valuable information shared by the extension team.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Dissemination of agricultural technologies in small grain production through extension services to small scale farmers in South Africa
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K.J. Mebalo, Auteur ; M.E. Morojele, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 62-66
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AFRIQUE DU SUD TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE PRODUCTION DE GRAINE
Résumé :	Small-scale agricultural production in South Africa varies significantly and farmers grow a variety of crops and thus have different objectives as they face different environments. This presents a challenge to institutions which offer support yhrough extensions services to small-scale farmers. The agricultural research council-small grain institute (ARC-SGI) is dedicated to provide all small-scale farmers and resource-poor farmers that produce wheat or are interested in introducing the crop with the relevant information to produce it with success. ARC-SGI has the capacity and technology available and is serving emerging small grain farmers on a national basis. The institute is involved in most areas where wheat is produced or has been produced in the past. The National and Provincial Departments of Agriculture are the custodians in making sure that they interact with relevant stakeholders to ensure that the emerging farmers get the necessary support. Various communication channels are used, directed at the appropriate level of farmers understanding. Farmer training has been conducted in six of the nine South African provinces and great success has been achieved with this intervention which helped some producers to form working groups, agricultural forums and associations.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Production of emerging farmers : Koketso goats improvement project- a case study in the Kgalagadi region of the Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A.M. Tawana, Auteur ; P. Tonyane, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 67-69
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Résumé :	The paper puts forward a workable extension development strategy and it shows on which grounds government interventions strategy should be based and implemented. The paper explores the relationship between the use of participatory processes in the development and use of information and knowledge and their impact on change. The paper is based on a major extension activity carried out in Koketso Goats improvement project. The issue confronting the Department of agriculture in the Northern Cape that supported the project was determining the most efficient and effective process of government interventions strategies to support rural projects . The focus that emerged was on participatory extension processes.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Gender-based effectiveness of agricultural extension agents’ contacts with smallholder farmers in extension services delivery : a case of kilosa district, Tanzania.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A.A.M. Kyaruzi, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 70-81
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE TANZANIE AGRICULTURE BASEE SUR LE GENRE
Résumé :	Agricultural extension services in Tanzania have been criticized over the years as ineffective. Literatures show that one of the reasons for their effectiveness is overlooking the major role that women who are the main contibutors in agricultural production. This study identified the educational tasks/activities that male and female agricultural extension agents (AEAs) performed when contacting smallholder farmers. The study also examined problems that AEA faced based on their gender when delivering extension services to farmers. The study randomly selected 160 smallholder farmers and selected ten AEAs from ten villages in Kilosa district. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, informal discussions, focus group discussions and observations. Collected data was reduced, coded and entered in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program and analyzed to yield descriptive statistics like cross tabulations, chi-square and contingency coefficient which were used in report writing. The study found that Farmer Field Schools (FFS), home and field visits were methods common methods that AEAs used to contact farmers. With exception of few indices variation, basing on Awareness, Knowledge , Adoption and Practices (AKAP) sequence, the study results show that the effectiveness of AEAs in contacting smallholder farmers based on their gender was not much different. The study recommends that village governments should organize farmers in groups for the AEAs to easily contact them. Also, the Agriculture District Office should avail resources to AEAs and set AEAs’ performance standards to enhance their job performance. More critical is that the Agriculture District Office in collaboration with the District Council should recruit more AEAs and train them on how to work with both female and male farmers.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00 129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Researchers as extensionists/extensionists as researchers (RaE or EaR) approaches in improving veterinary extension services
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E.B. Mngumi, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 82-84
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	RECHERCHE AGRICOLE BETAIL AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE
Résumé :	Tradionally being a system to disseminate the research results to the end users via extension personnel, the end-users’ (farmers) output of an extension system is greater when the extended technology is transferred intact/unaltered throughout the chain to the target destination . However, doing this means having people who are fully involved and hence knowledgeable of what is needed to be transferred (in this case referring to people involved directly in the production of the technology in question). This strongly applies to veterinary field due to professional complexity and ethical bounds . For that case, using collective research works as the main data source this paper analyses the potentials of veterinary researcherss themselves being involved in the extension of their research results of the involvement of the extension workers from the initial steps of research design through the end. The objective is to bold the benefits of the RaE/EaR approaches in optimizing extension services and its delivery to livestock farmers. It is hypothesized that in addition to enhancing the delivery of the intended veterinary information package to farmers the approaches also integrate research and extension more effectively and efficiently hence reducing the existing research-extension gap. Hopefully the discussion from this analysis will promote researchers in other agricultural fields to adopt the RaE/EaR approaches.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Socio-economic factors influencing adoption of improved fallow among small-holder farmers in western Tanzania.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	L.W. Matata, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 85-91
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TANZANIE AGROFORESTERIE ARBRE LEGUMINEUX AGRICULTURE JACHERE
Résumé :	Declining soil fertility is recognized as one of the major biophysical constraints affecting agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa. « Improved fallows » technology, a leguminous trees-based soil replenishment technology was introduced in smallholder farming system in Tanzania to address this problem. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence the adoption of the technology among smallholder farmers in western Tanzania. A total number of 55 farmers were selected for interview from Tumbi, Malolo, Isikizya, Kigwa and Magiri villages in Uyui district, Tabora region. The villages chosen were the pilot sites where agro forestry research and dissemination activities were taking place. The collected data were processed and analyzed into frequencies, percentages and chi-square for comparaison using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), computer programme, to obtain quantitatively and qualitative information. The results revealed that lack of farmer awareness of the technology, inability of farmers to wait for two years before obtaining direct benefits from the technology were the major constraints to planting improved fallows. The study identifies farmer training through workshops and seminars, enforcement of village by-laws on animal grazing and facilitation of farmers’ access to credit as the major approaches to enhance the adoption of the technology.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Research-Extension-Farmer linkage : improving livestock feeds in mixed production systems of central Tanzania
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Elisha, Auteur ; A. Mary, Auteur ; J. Msangi, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 92-99
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TANZANIE BETAIL SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION AGRICOLE
Résumé :	The demand and supply for livestock feeds is a challenge to the research institutions and the extension system in Tanzania. As a result participatory approaches to improve the level of adoption and sustainability of projects engaging on livestock feed resources are underway. The research Institute Mpwapwa has been conducting on farm experiments in collaboration with departments of agricultural extension from respective districts in order to improve the feed resource base for ruminant and non ruminant livestock. This paper explores both the practical approaches for on farm research and development on pastures and forages and the participation of farmers in the implementation of agreed activities. This paper presents a recent baseline surveys on identifying existing and potential fodder trees and shrubs and willingness of farmer to integrate fodder trees and shrubs in their farming systems. The study was conducted in Singida rural and Kongwa districts in Tanzania. Focused group discussions and key informants interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview with a well-developed checklist. It was observed that farmers were aware of available natural forages and fodder tree. It was also revealed that a number of technologies have been disseminated to the farmers in central Tanzania but adoption and sustainability were slow due to inadequate participation and ownership from the outset of the projects. However participatory on farm research provides more opportunities to learn by doing and sense of ownership, although this type of research is more costly than on station resarch. Moreover strong research-extension-farmer linkage are required so as to facilitate integrated approaches that will improve production and efficient utilization of livestock feed resources.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	From a class to the farmer association : supporting technology dissemination with financial sustainability in rural Tabora in western Tanzania
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	F.M. Bagarama, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 100-104
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TANZANIE TECHNOLOGIE DE DISSEMINATION DURABILITE TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	The hypothesis is tested that farmers’ participatory involvment in selection and testing technologies under sustainable financial support and knowledge empowerment are essential for technology development and adoption. Effective farmer empwerment and confidence in farmers are strategies that would allow farmers to work independantly without close supervision in technology section, testing and adoption. The household is the unit of economic planning and technology development whose interests should not be confounded in farmer group setting . This paper addresses the method of using households as economic units, technology package approach and credit access as prerequisites for effective extension. Farmers create new ideas for economic development as a result of empowerments such as credit organization and farmer association to attain higher goals in development.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Essence of strong links between research and extension : the case of Mpwapwa cattle introduced in Chunya District, Tanzania.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	D.M. Komwihangilo, Auteur ; N.S. Urassa, Auteur ; D.F. Masao, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	MPWAPWA TANZANIE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE BOVIN
Résumé :	Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 29 Mpwapwa bulls were purchased from the National Livestock Research Instiyute (NLRI) Mpwapwa and sent to some villages in Chunya district , Mbeya region. This noble approach was initiated by Chunya district. As study was thus undertaken with an overall objective of assessing performance and socio-economic benefits of introducing Mpwapwa cattle in different farming systems of the district. A multi-method approach was used thereby key informant interviews, individual interviews with structured questionnaire and animal body measurements were undertaken. Results showed that out of nine bulls sent to various villages in 2005 only two bulls found alive in mid April 2010. Nevertheless, Mpwapwa x TSZ crossbreds were favoured by a few farmers who owned them due to their heavier birth weights and faster growth rates compared to local Tanzania short horn zebu (TSZ) where a four months crossbred – calf could weigh as much as 40kg and average weight of cattle aged 9-12 months was 101.17kg. Apart from free grazing, however, supplementation of Mpwapwa bulls, crossbreds and other cattle were barely used. It is thus recommended that extension services especially on veterinary care should be strengthened in the study area. Researchers should also strengthen efforts on ECF vaccinations and or use of resistance cattle breeds especially in areas where dipping and other tick control measures are not well placed as is the case in many villages of Chunya district.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	The rate of technology transfer through farmer to farmer agricultural extension approach in irrigated rice scheme in Zanzibar
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	R.S. Othman, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p122-130
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZANZIBAR AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE TRANSFERT DE TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	The technical Cooperation in Supporting Service Delivery Systems of Irrigated Agriculture (TC-SDIA, commonly known as TANRICE)has been working in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment (MALE) in Zanzibar since September 2009. The purpose of TANRICE is to increase productivity of rice cultivation in priority irrigation schemes through strengthening service delivery systems of irrigated agriculture in Tanzania. TANRICE has adopted the farmer-to-farmer extension approach and information obtained from irrigation schemes. At Mtwango irrigation scheme situated at West District of Zanzibar, TANRICE conducted standard training that consisted of baseline survey, residential training and infield trainings betwen December 2009 and July 2010. TANRICE trained 16 key farmers with gender consideration on best race farming technologies from an irrigated rice scheme. Each of the key farmers formed a group of 16 farmers in the scheme through which the technology was further transferred to the whole scheme. The efficiency of the approach has been measured in terms of rate of adoption of innovation, attendance and participation during the training sessions as well as yield. The results have shown that generally farmer-to-farmer agricultural extension approach has achieved positive results. Farmers at Mtwango have increased their seasonal yield as a result of applying the best rice practices in the field. There was an average of 90% in the attendance and participation of the training sessions. From this study, it’s been also noted that the adaptability of the farmer-to-farmer agricultural extension approach method depends to the location and culture of the farmers in Tanzania and research should be conducted before adopting the approach.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	The impact of government-private partnership in technology delivery in Mpika District of Zambia
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K.K. Muimui, Auteur ; G. Kayama, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 131-134
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZAMBIE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE PARTENARIAT AGRICOLE TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	Agricultural technology development is of no value if it does not bring about changes and impact in communities. Common bean (phaseomus vulgaries) is one crop that is changing lives in Sub-Saharian Africa through adoption of highly yielding and preferred varieties. Technologies in most cases face a number of problems to reach end-users. Through partnership of a non-governmental organisation (self-help Africa-formerly harvest help) and the Zambian Bean Programme, in delivering improved technology, has helped change livelihoods for the better of a number of small scale farmers in Katongo Kapala area of Mpika district in Northern Zambia. The objectives of the study were to introduce bean seed production as a viable and profitable venture for the small scale farmers and to make available and affordable good quality seed to the local farming communities. Farmers who belong to clubs were trained in seed production , given initial seed to produce and supported during the first year. Field days were conducted during the growing season and the member clubs came together to form an association namely Shangila Seed Growers Association . The results of this partnership have seen number of farmers joining the venture increase from 46 in 2006 to 200 in 2010. The partnering NGO recognised the success of the group and built the association a community seed bank with the association contributing some local material and unskilled labour. Shangila seed grower association, formed in october 2006, has now grown to be a recognized bean seed entreprise. Production has increased from the initial basic seed of 700kg (2006) to 40Mt of various improved varieties of bean seeds in 2010, estimated at $44,715. Observable positive changes in the lives of the members are evident and these include sending children to schools, iron roofed houses, purchase of solar panels sets, bicycles, drought animals, ploughs and househomld items. The seeds have benefited over 50,000 farming households (300,000 persons) across the country over the four year of existence. This is due to benefits seen in incomes and increased food security by the bean seed growers. In most cases National Agriculture Research Systems have technologies but do not have enough resources to deliver and follow-up on these technologies. Non-governmental Organisations may have resources but without the technology to deliver. Through partnerships, there is synergy in delivering the technology and in this case, partners complement each other and result in efficient use of resources as a result of joint planning and execution. In conclusion it is found that where technologies transfer is between public and private partnership, it is usually delivered fast and efficiently for adoption and impact is seen within a short period.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	An overview of extension approaches and methods in Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	R. Nhongonhema, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p141-144
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE METHODE D'APPROCHE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	In Zimbabwe agricultural extension for smallholder farmers has been practiced for the past 80 years. Extension approaches have evolved from using the top down approach, where the researcher would prescribe to farmers on a course of action, through forced extension, where farmers are forced to adopt certain practices, to the participatory approach where active farmer participation is promoted. It is the object of this paper to make an overview of extension approaches and methods that have been employed to disseminate information on agriculture technologies in Zimbabwe to date. This review includes a desktop study of the extension approaches promoted in the past and present and interviews with key informants in AGRITEX, NGOs that have been involved in promoting different extension approaches and methods and other stakeholders that have been involved in extension such as farmers’ unions. The review established that the top down approach , though it has its own disadvantages, has been effective in the promotion of the plough. It has also been established that the participatory extension approaches have been successful in the promotion of cotton production although it did not spread as desired because it was mainly donor driven and lacked institutionalization within government. The paper concludes that for farmers to take up agriculture technology, extension strategies should follow a menu approach based on the type of the farmer , the technology and crop being promoted and the farming sector rather than a prescription approach.
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Towards improving agricultural extension service delivery in the SADC region / W.H. Kimaro

Titre :	Effectiveness of extension methods and strategies in resettlement areas of Zimbabwe following the fast track land reform programme : a critical analysis.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	U. Marume, Auteur
Editeur :	SADC
Année de publication :	2010
Importance :	p 135-140
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE REFORME AGRAIRE AGRICULTURE EXTENSIVE REINSTALLATION AGRICOLE
Résumé :	Agricultural extension performs an important function worldwide in enhancing agricultural productivity. The complexity and variety of production systems and the ever changing political morphology requires that extension models that are flexible enough to suit all these changes are developed. The effectiveness of the extension interventions should also hinge on the objectives of the intervention vis-à-vis the needs , expectations and targeting of the beneficiaries. In the Zimbabwe scenario, prioritization of the development of interventions , methodologies, efficient decision-support tools in the extension sector, should be given critical support if the agricultural sector is to be revived. Zimbabwe has gone through a series a land reform phases, of which the last phase at the turn of the new millenium, which was disorganized and riddled with political conundrum, has proved to be detrimental to agricultural productivity and has resulted in food deficits and increased poverty in many communal areas. While fast tract land redistribution is undoubtedly a noble idea to address the social and economical setups in Zimbabwe. Moreover, it appears that the fast tract land redistribution also coincided with the non-governmental organization to continue with the extension services. This paper therefore attempts to give a critical analysis of the current extension approaches in Zimbabwe’s agricultural sector and their suitability in turning around productivity, taking cognizance of the ongoing land reform programme .
Numéro du document :	A 9965/F00129
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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